* Corresponding authors

^a Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
E-mail: corey.ohern@yale.edu

^b Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA

^c Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA

^d Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA

^e Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, 06516, USA

^f Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA

^g Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA