* Corresponding authors

^a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, Peoples’ Republic of China
E-mail: zhanglw@fudan.edu.cn

^b Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
E-mail: nicoleta.dina@itim-cj.ro

^c Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK
E-mail: vkv23@bath.ac.uk

^d Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, UK

^e Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath, UK

^f Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, Peoples’ Republic of China