* Corresponding authors

^a Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interface Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

^b School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

^c Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
E-mail: ycmbhs@iccas.ac.cn

^d Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 02150 Espoo, Finland

^e Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland