* Corresponding authors

^a College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
E-mail: chending@hnu.edu.cn

^b Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
E-mail: linzhengde@nimte.ac.cn, jiangnan@nimte.ac.cn

^c Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Ningbo 315100, China

^d Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

^e Institute of Applied Mechanics and Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China