Electrochemical production of methyltetrahydrofuran, a biofuel for diesel engines

Mia D. Stankovic, Jessica F. Sperryn, Roxanna S. Delima, Connor C. Rupnow, Michael B. Rooney, Monika Stolar and Curtis P. Berlinguette

Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, 16, 3453
DOI: 10.1039/D3EE01079A

Electrolytic hydrogenation at 100 mA cm−2 and 1.6 volts

Yunzhou Wen, Mia D. Stankovic, Arijit Singha Hazari, Marvin L. Frisch, Siwei Ma and Curtis P. Berlinguette

Energy Environ. Sci., 2025, 18, 7223
DOI: 10.1039/D5EE00617A

Electroreductive upgradation of biomass into high-value chemicals and energy-intensive biofuels

Keping Wang, Zheng Li, Zhenyan Guo, Jinshu Huang, Tengyu Liu, Min Zhou, Jinguang Hu and Hu Li

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 2454
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC04543A

Opening the pathway towards a scalable electrochemical semi-hydrogenation of alkynolsviaearth-abundant metal chalcogenides

Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi, Leon Wickert, Julian T. Kleinhaus, Jonas Wolf, Allison Leonard, David Tetzlaff, Roman Goy, Jonathan A. Medlock, Kai junge Puring, Rui Cao, Daniel Siegmund and Ulf-Peter Apfel

Chem. Sci., 2022, 13, 12461
DOI: 10.1039/D2SC04647D

Composition control of Pd-based bimetallic alloys to boost selective hydrogenation of furfural in aqueous micelles

Yiru Chen, Xi He, Ming Zhang, Lixin Chen, Xuemin Liu, Bing Liu, Hengquan Yang and Xin Ge

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 866
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC03357K

Efficient electrochemical upgradation strategies for the biomass derivative furfural

Xinxin Li, Linchuan Cong, Nan Lin and Cheng Tang

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2023, 11, 23133
DOI: 10.1039/D3TA03813K

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of alkynes and alkenes using a proton conductive graphene oxide membrane

Muhammad Sohail Ahmad, Imam Sahroni, Taiga Kodama, Kazuto Hatakeyama and Tetsuya Kida

Chem. Sci., 2025, 16, 8416
DOI: 10.1039/D5SC00423C

Electricity-driven organic hydrogenation using water as the hydrogen source

Bidyut Kumar Kundu and Yujie Sun

Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 16424
DOI: 10.1039/D4SC03836C

Unlocking the catalytic potential of heterogeneous nonprecious metals for selective hydrogenation reactions

Wanbing Gong, Jun Ma, Guangyu Chen, Yitao Dai, Ran Long, Huijun Zhao and Yujie Xiong

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2025, 54, 960
DOI: 10.1039/D4CS01005A

Both sides matter: anode configurations alter the activity of electrolyzers for organic hydrogenations

Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi, Jonas Wolf, Sangita Conjeevaram Viswanathan, Leon Wickert, Mena-Alexander Kräenbring, Julian T. Kleinhaus, Kai junge Puring, Fatih Özcan, Doris Segets, Ulf-Peter Apfel and Daniel Siegmund

RSC Sustainability, 2023, 1, 631
DOI: 10.1039/D3SU00043E

Highly efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of furfural to maleic acid over MOF-derived MnCeOx

Xue Yuan, Xin Huang, Meimin Hu, Jinjia Liu, Wenhao Guo, Yuchen Hao, Zhenting Li, Kai Zhang and Buxing Han

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 5365
DOI: 10.1039/D4GC00408F

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of the formyl group and heteroaromatic ring in furfural on activated carbon cloth-supported ruthenium

Meheryar R. Kasad, James E. Jackson and Christopher M. Saffron

RSC Sustainability, 2024, 2, 3001
DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00260A

Advances in paired electrolysis for furfural conversion: from design principle, mechanisms to perspectives

Zhikang Zhang, Jianan Li, Shuyi Yang, Tao E and Chong Peng

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 6967
DOI: 10.1039/D5GC01306B

Advanced electrocatalytic systems for enhanced atom/electron utilization

Heng Xu, Lisong Chen and Jianlin Shi

Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, 16, 1334
DOI: 10.1039/D2EE03323B

Unraveling the reaction mechanisms for furfural electroreduction on copper

Sihang Liu, Zamaan Mukadam, Soren B. Scott, Saurav Ch. Sarma, Maria-Magdalena Titirici, Karen Chan, Nitish Govindarajan, Ifan E. L. Stephens and Georg Kastlunger

EES Catal., 2023, 1, 539
DOI: 10.1039/D3EY00040K

Exploring the electrochemical ring hydrogenation of furanic compounds

Thorben Lenk, Valentin Rueß, Janko Gresch and Uwe Schröder

Green Chem., 2023, 25, 3077
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC00515A

Developing electrochemical hydrogenation towards industrial application

Julian T. Kleinhaus, Jonas Wolf, Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi, Leon Wickert, Sangita C. Viswanathan, Kai junge Puring, Daniel Siegmund and Ulf-Peter Apfel

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2023, 52, 7305
DOI: 10.1039/D3CS00419H

Progress and perspectives on electrocatalytic transmembrane hydrogenation

Xianlong Zhou, Xi Yu, Bo You and Yu Jing

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 20527
DOI: 10.1039/D4TA03345K

Research progress on photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Yang An, Tao Lei, Weiyi Jiang and Huan Pang

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 10739
DOI: 10.1039/D4GC03597F

Hybrid Lamellar Superlattices with Monoatomic Platinum Layers and Programmable Organic Ligands

Pengfei Hu, Haosen Yang, Shulin Chen, Yufeng Xue, Qiaonan Zhu, Mengyao Tang, Hua Wang, Li-Min Liu, Peng Gao, Xiangfeng Duan and Lin Guo

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2023, 145, 717
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11928

FAD-mediated modulation of hydrogen adsorbates for low-voltage hydrogen production and hydrocarbon hydrogenation

Jisu Lee, Hosik Lee, Do Sol Cheong, Yeongdae Lee, Yeonggwang Kwon and Hyun-Kon Song

Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy, 2025, 379, 125652
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2025.125652

Effect of Electrolyte Composition and Mass Transport on Electrochemical Hydrogenations of a Terminal Alkynol

Leon Wickert, Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi, Julian T. Kleinhaus, Jonas Wolf, Kai junge Puring, Daniel Siegmund and Ulf‐Peter Apfel

Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2024, 96, 607
DOI: 10.1002/cite.202300155

Highly selective electrocatalytic alkynol semi-hydrogenation for continuous production of alkenols

Jun Bu, Siyu Chang, Jinjin Li, Sanyin Yang, Wenxiu Ma, Zhenpeng Liu, Siying An, Yanan Wang, Zhen Li and Jian Zhang

Nat Commun, 2023, 14
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37251-z

P-induced electron transfer interaction for enhanced selective hydrogenation rearrangement of furfural to cyclopentanone

Weichen Wang, Hongke Zhang, Yidan Wang, Fangyuan Zhou, Zhiyu, Xiang, Wanbin Zhu and Hongliang Wang

Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2024, 92, 43
DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2024.01.004

Cu Single‐Atom Catalysts for High‐Selectivity Electrocatalytic Acetylene Semihydrogenation

Xiaoli Jiang, Lei Tang, Lei Dong, Xuedi Sheng, Wenfei Zhang, Zhen Liu, Jianhua Shen, Hongliang Jiang and Chunzhong Li

Angewandte Chemie, 2023, 135
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202307848

Metal–Organic Framework-Derived Cu2O–Cu2S Heterojunction Nanostructures on Copper Foams for Furfural Electrohydrogenation

Hao-Jie Shen, Hai-Yan Guo, Shi-Ya Wen, Lu Zhang, Jiu-Ju Feng and Ai-Jun Wang

ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2024, 7, 8113
DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c00712

Electrocatalytic Production of a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier with Anodic Valorization of the Process: Review and Outlook

Jiaqi Wang, Yongdan Li, Christin Hummel, Guo Huang, Xiaoyan Ji, Ezgi Demiröz, Atsushi Urakawa, Siyuan Huang, Ruixue Zhao, Johannes Lercher, Paola Lanzafame, Georgia Papanikolaou and Gabriele Centi

Energy Fuels, 2025, 39, 132
DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c04644

Solar-driven electrolysis coupled with valuable chemical synthesis

Kaijian Zhu, Xinyi Zhang, Lan Wen, Shujie Zhou, Demetra S. Achilleos, Rose Amal, Yun Hau Ng and Fatwa F. Abdi

Nat. Rev. Clean Technol., 2025
DOI: 10.1038/s44359-025-00089-3

Weakening surface hydrogen to enhance permeation in hydrogen selective membranes

Emanuel Billeter and Andreas Borgschulte

Applied Surface Science, 2024, 661, 160062
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2024.160062

Electrolytic Conversion of Nitro Compounds into Amines in a Membrane Reactor

Arijit Singha Hazari, Marvin L. Frisch, Yunzhou Wen, Mia D. Stankovic and Curtis P. Berlinguette

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2024
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07847

Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol Using an Anion-Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell

Sanghwi Han, Yoonjae Lee, Jinse Woo, Junghwan Jang, Yung-Eun Sung and Jeyong Yoon

ACS Omega, 2024, 9, 26285
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02107

Laser Derived Co1Ni1@MOF with Efficient Charge Exchanges Boosting Selective Catalytic Hydrogenation

Jiulong Wang, Lanxing Ren, Yan Kong, Yazhou Shuang, Qian Ye, Chunxia Hong, Shiyuan Wang, Zelin Ma, Fang Wang, Jie Jian, XiaoLi Fan, Lijuan Song, Tengfei Cao and Hongqiang Wang

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202421357

Carbon support enhanced metal − support interaction enabling higher concentration furfural hydrogenation at constant current conditions

Xiongqin Liu, Xuanrui Liu, Jun Zhao, Mingruo Ban, Shutao Wu and Fei Liu

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 138976
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2025.138976

Facet dependence of electrocatalytic furfural hydrogenation on palladium nanocrystals

Wenbiao Zhang, Yanghao Shi, Yang Yang, Jingwen Tan and Qingsheng Gao

Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43, 3116
DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64097-X

H2‐free Semi‐hydrogenation of Butadiene by the Atomic Sieving Effect of Pd Membrane with Tree‐like Pd Dendrites Array

Yong‐Qing Yan, Zhao Wei, Zhao Wang, Yao Li, Wei‐Hao Wang, Bo Jiang and Bao‐Lian Su

Angewandte Chemie, 2023, 135
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202309013

Ni(1−x)Pdx Alloyed Nanostructures for Electrocatalytic Conversion of Furfural into Fuels

Aya Aboukhater, Mohammad Abu Haija, Fawzi Banat, Israa Othman, Muhammad Ashraf Sabri and Bharath Govindan

Catalysts, 2023, 13, 260
DOI: 10.3390/catal13020260

An Electrochemical Screening Reactor Kit for Rapid Optimization of Electrosynthesis Applications

Leon Wickert, Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi, Julian T. Kleinhaus, Jonas Wolf, Julia Obel, Rui Cao, Daniel Siegmund and Ulf‐Peter Apfel

ChemSusChem, 2025, 18
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202402086

Coupled Pdδ--Cuδ+ Dipole for Enhanced Aqueous Nitrate Valorization at Ultralow Potentials

Huihuang Chen, Jiayin Li, Runze Shi, Yue Wu, Bing Zhou, Yancai Yao, Zhigang Geng, Lianzhou Wang, Lizhi Zhang, Maohong Fan and Bo Yang

ACS Nano, 2025, 19, 31677
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5c09566

Zn‐Organic Batteries for the Semi‐Hydrogenation of Biomass Aldehyde Derivatives and Concurrently Enhanced Power Output

Heng Xu, Guanxing Xu, Bingji Huang, Jiabiao Yan, Min Wang, Lisong Chen and Jianlin Shi

Angewandte Chemie, 2023, 135
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202218603

Carbon-based nanoarrays embedded with Ce-doped ultrasmall Co2P nanoparticles enable efficient electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural coupled with hydrogen production

Shangfang Xie, Hongchuan Fu, Liyu Chen, Yingwei Li and Kui Shen

Sci. China Chem., 2023, 66, 2141
DOI: 10.1007/s11426-023-1666-4

Indirect H2O2 synthesis without H2

Arthur G. Fink, Roxanna S. Delima, Alexandra R. Rousseau, Camden Hunt, Natalie E. LeSage, Aoxue Huang, Monika Stolar and Curtis P. Berlinguette

Nat Commun, 2024, 15
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44741-1

Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Acids using Pentlandite Catalysts

Julian T. Kleinhaus, Salman Umer, Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi, Leon Wickert, Jonas Wolf, Kai junge Puring, Daniel Siegmund and Ulf‐Peter Apfel

Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2024, 96, 598
DOI: 10.1002/cite.202300151

Accelerating lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction through an integrated palladium membrane hydrogenation reactor

Hossein Bemana, Hendrik Schumann, Morgan McKee, Senada Nozinovic, Jörg Daniels, Ralf Weisbarth and Nikolay Kornienko

Nat Commun, 2025, 16
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-62088-z

Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation Using Palladium Membrane Reactors

Guanqun Han, Guodong Li and Yujie Sun

JACS Au, 2024, 4, 328
DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00647

Electrochemical hydrogenation of levulinic acid, furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Yunfei Zhang and Yi Shen

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2024, 343, 123576
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.123576

Direct H2O2 Synthesis, without H2 Gas

Aoxue Huang, Roxanna S. Delima, Yongwook Kim, Eric W. Lees, Fraser G. L. Parlane, David J. Dvorak, Michael B. Rooney, Ryan P. Jansonius, Arthur G. Fink, Zishuai Zhang and Curtis P. Berlinguette

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2022, 144, 14548
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03158

Electrochemical reduction hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis and dimerization of bio-derived aldehydes: A review

Jiahui Chen, Shiliang Wu, Xian Pan, Xin Zhou and Xinchi Zhang

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2025, 207, 114900
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114900

Navigating through Complexity: Optimizing Cathodes for Organic Electrohydrogenation through Coherent Workflows

Mena‐Alexander Kräenbring, Leon Wickert, Meinert Hansen, Sebastian Sanden, Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi, Jonas Wolf, Daniel Siegmund, Fatih Özcan, Ulf‐Peter Apfel and Doris Segets

ChemCatChem, 2024, 16
DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202301273

Dual Active Sites of Ni and FeNi3 Constructed from Layered Double Hydroxides for One-Pot Hydrogenation of Furfural to Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol

Rongrong Li, Wenqi Liu, Huibin Liu, Hongyu Niu, Quan Zhou, Changhai Liang and Xiao Chen

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2023, 62, 21631
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c03481

Minireview and Outlook of Electrochemical Palladium Membrane Reactors for Sustainable Hydrogenation

Minghao Sun, Yongru Wang, Yifan Zeng, Jinqi Xiong, Jialu Li, Tongliang Liu, Aoni Xu and Fengwang Li

Energy Fuels, 2025, 39, 13997
DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02648

Role of Hydride Formation in Electrocatalysis for Sustainable Chemical Transformations

Sri Krishna Murthy Padavala and Kelsey A. Stoerzinger

ACS Catal., 2023, 13, 4544
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00204

Hydrogenation of bio-oil-derived oxygenates at ambient conditions via a two-step redox cycle

Chongyan Ruan, Ryota Akutsu, Kunran Yang, Noha M. Zayan, Jian Dou, Junchen Liu, Arnab Bose, Leo Brody, H. Henry Lamb and Fanxing Li

Cell Reports Physical Science, 2023, 4, 101506
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101506

Selective hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones via photocatalytic and electrocatalytic techniques: A review

Shunli Shi, Jiaxuan Yang, Ying Li, Yahui Zhu, Weiming Xiao, Shunmin Ding, Shuhua Wang and Chao Chen

Applied Catalysis A: General, 2025, 691, 120063
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2024.120063

Optimizing Electrochemical Furfural Hydrogenation on Pt via Bimetallic Colocalization of Cu

Sanghwi Han, Jeongyun Kim, Jaehyuk Shim, Won Bo Lee, Jaeyune Ryu and Jeyong Yoon

ACS Catal., 2024, 14, 17525
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c05428

Recent advances in electrocatalytic upgrading of biomass-derived furfural

Qiuju Fu, Wenpeng Xie, Lingzhi Yang, Liting Yan and Xuebo Zhao

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 485, 150083
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.150083

Electroreductive C–C Coupling of Furfural to Jet Fuel Precursors in Neutral Media via Synergistic Catalysis of the Polyoxotungstate and Cu Complex

Weijie Geng, Di Zhang, Ni Zhen, Jianxin Du, Jing Dong, Chengpeng Liu, Shi-Lu Chen, Yingnan Chi and Changwen Hu

ACS Catal., 2024, 14, 10040
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02524

Concepts for sustainable organic electrosynthesis

Robert Francke

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 2022, 36, 101111
DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2022.101111

Cu Single‐Atom Catalysts for High‐Selectivity Electrocatalytic Acetylene Semihydrogenation

Xiaoli Jiang, Lei Tang, Lei Dong, Xuedi Sheng, Wenfei Zhang, Zhen Liu, Jianhua Shen, Hongliang Jiang and Chunzhong Li

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2023, 62
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307848

Recent Advances in Furfural Reduction via Electro- And Photocatalysis: From Mechanism to Catalyst Design

Huiming Wen, Wenjun Zhang, Ziyi Fan and Zupeng Chen

ACS Catal., 2023, 13, 15263
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04372

Electrochemical Control of Heterolytic and Homolytic Hydrogenation Pathways at a Palladium Surface

Mia D. Stankovic, Bowen Ge, Jessica F. Sperryn and Curtis P. Berlinguette

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2025, 147, 10974
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c14671

Recent Advances of the Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Biofuels and Chemicals from Furfural

Huiyi Liang, Ke Liu, Xinghua Zhang, Qi Zhang, Lungang Chen, Yubao Chen, Xiuzheng Zhuang and Longlong Ma

Energies, 2025, 18, 3075
DOI: 10.3390/en18123075

An alternative to petrochemicals: biomass electrovalorization

Zamaan Mukadam, Soren B. Scott, Maria Magdalena Titirici and Ifan E. L. Stephens

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A., 2024, 382
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0262

Optimising furfural production from lignocellulosic biomass: Feedstock selection, Process enhancement, and Techno-Economic and Environmental viability

Léa Pierrat and Pablo García-Triñanes

Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2024, 212, 261
DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.035

H2‐free Semi‐hydrogenation of Butadiene by the Atomic Sieving Effect of Pd Membrane with Tree‐like Pd Dendrites Array

Yong‐Qing Yan, Zhao Wei, Zhao Wang, Yao Li, Wei‐Hao Wang, Bo Jiang and Bao‐Lian Su

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2023, 62
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309013

Solvent-free synthesis of mesoporous MoO3-V2O5/Al2O3 catalyst for liquid phase selective oxidation of furfural to maleic anhydride

Kasanneni Tirumala Venkateswara Rao, Donald R. Inns, Jeremy N. Winter, Troy D. Manning, John B. Claridge, Alexandros P. Katsoulidis and Matthew J. Rosseinsky

Applied Catalysis A: General, 2025, 700, 120308
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120308

Revealing the intrinsic relationship between nano/electronic structure of CuCo/NC (NC drived from ZIF-67) and their catalytic performance for furfural selective hydrogenation

Junyuan Xu, Xinyu Han, Lihua Zhu, Weizhen Wang, Luna Ruan, Zhiqing Yang, Hengqiang Ye and Bing Hui Chen

Journal of Catalysis, 2025, 447, 116140
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116140

Zn‐Organic Batteries for the Semi‐Hydrogenation of Biomass Aldehyde Derivatives and Concurrently Enhanced Power Output

Heng Xu, Guanxing Xu, Bingji Huang, Jiabiao Yan, Min Wang, Lisong Chen and Jianlin Shi

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2023, 62
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218603

Graphene Oxide Membrane Reactor for Electrochemical Deuteration Reactions

Imam Sahroni, Taiga Kodama, Muhammad Sohail Ahmad, Takeru Nakahara, Yusuke Inomata and Tetsuya Kida

Nano Lett., 2024, 24, 3590
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04243

The crucial role of catalyst wettability for hydrogenation of biomass and carbon dioxide over heterogeneous catalysts

Miaomiao Wei, Yongqi Kuang, Zhongyu Duan and Hao Li

Cell Reports Physical Science, 2023, 4, 101340
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101340

Reaction environment impacts charge transfer but not chemical reaction steps in hydrogen evolution catalysis

Bryan Y. Tang, Ryan P. Bisbey, Kunal M. Lodaya, Wei Lun Toh and Yogesh Surendranath

Nat Catal, 2023, 6, 339
DOI: 10.1038/s41929-023-00943-2

Bridging Outer- and Inner-Sphere Electrosynthesis from Biomass-Derived Furfural Using Single Atom Catalysts

Sihang Liu, Zamaan Mukadam, Angus Pedersen, Jesús Barrio, Joseph Parker, Helen Tyrrell, Sarah J. Haigh, Maria Magdalena Titirici, Ifan E. L. Stephens and Georg Kastlunger

J. Phys. Chem. C, 2025, 129, 5032
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5c00468