High-performance anode-less all-solid-state batteries enabled by multisite nucleation and an elastic network

Abstract

Anode-less all-solid-state batteries (ALASSBs) represent a promising energy storage platform for various upcoming green mobility applications, as they offer superior energy density, manufacturing feasibility, and enhanced safety. However, their practical implementation is hindered by the formation of heterogeneous lithium (Li) deposits during repeated cycling, particularly at ambient temperatures. In this study, we introduce a novel multi-seed strategy that integrates strategically distributed nucleation sites with a highly elastic and adhesive polymer matrix. The incorporation of multiple lithiophilic metallic seeds with a range of lithiation potentials promotes uniform Li deposition by facilitating diversified lithiation pathways. Simultaneously, the elastic polymer network enables stress dissipation across the protection layer, thereby effectively mitigating mechanical degradation. Even at room temperature (25 °C), the resulting anode-less full-cell retained 70% of its capacity after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.5C (1C = 2 mA cm⁻²). This study conveys a useful design principle for protective layers in ALASSBs: the advantageous synergistic effect created by combining multiple lithiophilic seeds with enlarged nucleation pathways and a stress-releasing elastic binder.