Issue 6, 2024

Renal-clearable nanoprobes for optical imaging and early diagnosis of diseases

Abstract

Optical imaging has played an indispensable role in clinical diagnostics and fundamental biomedical research due to its high sensitivity, high spatiotemporal resolution, cost-effectiveness, and easy accessibility. However, the issues of light scattering and low tissue penetration make them effective only for superficial imaging. To overcome these issues, renal-clearable optical nanoprobes have recently emerged, which are activated by abnormal disease-associated biomarkers and initiate a pharmacokinetic switch by undergoing degradation and eventually releasing signal reporters into urine, for simple imaging and sensitive optical in vitro urinalysis. In this review, we focus on the advancements of renal-clearable organic nanoprobes for optical imaging and remote urinalysis. The versatile design strategies of these nanoprobes are discussed along with their sensing mechanisms toward biomolecules of interest as well as their unique biological applications. Finally, challenges and perspectives are discussed to further advance the next-generation renal-clearable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging and in vitro urinalysis.

Graphical abstract: Renal-clearable nanoprobes for optical imaging and early diagnosis of diseases

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
31 Okt 2023
Accepted
06 Feb 2024
First published
08 Feb 2024

Biomater. Sci., 2024,12, 1357-1370

Renal-clearable nanoprobes for optical imaging and early diagnosis of diseases

W. An, W. Xu, Y. Zhou, C. Huang, W. Huang and J. Huang, Biomater. Sci., 2024, 12, 1357 DOI: 10.1039/D3BM01776A

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