Unveiling the potential of Ti3C2Tx MXene for gas sensing: recent developments and future perspectives

Abstract

Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, a two-dimensional transition metal carbide, has garnered significant attention as a promising material for gas sensing applications due to its exceptional properties. In this comprehensive review article, we provide an in-depth overview of the recent advancements in the field of Ti₃C₂T_x-based gas sensors. We summarize the various synthesis methods employed for Ti₃C₂T_x MXene production, including selective etching of MAX phase precursor materials and controlled annealing processes to customize its surface chemistry and properties. We thoroughly review the gas sensing properties of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene towards a wide range of gases, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toxic gases, and other target gases. We provide detailed insights into the gas sensing performance of Ti₃C₂T_x-based gas sensors, including sensitivity, selectivity, response and recovery times, and stability, under various temperature and gas concentration conditions. The gas sensing mechanisms involving charge transfer and surface chemisorption processes between gas molecules and the Ti₃C₂T_x MXene surface are also discussed based on experimental and theoretical studies. Furthermore, we highlight the strategies employed to enhance the gas sensing performance of Ti₃C₂T_x-based gas sensors, such as surface functionalization, doping, and hybridization with other materials. We discuss the influence of various factors, such as annealing temperature, surface modification, and device configurations, on the gas sensing properties of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based gas sensors. Finally, we address the challenges and future perspectives of Ti₃C₂T_x-based gas sensors, including the need for standardized testing protocols, long-term stability, and scalability of fabrication processes. Our comprehensive review aims to inspire further research efforts and promote the development of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-based gas sensors with enhanced performance and broader applications, highlighting the promising potential of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene as a cutting-edge material for gas sensing applications.