Issue 47, 2022

Electrochemical creatinine detection for advanced point-of-care sensing devices: a review

Abstract

Creatinine is an amino acid derived from creatine catabolism at different steps of the body's organs, and its detection is significant because levels out of normal values are linked to some diseases like kidney failure. Normal concentration levels of creatinine in blood are from 45 to 110 μM, while in urine, typical concentrations range between 3.3 to 27 mM, and in saliva from 8.8 and 26.5 μM. Nowadays, the creatinine detection is carried through different spectroscopic-colorimetric methods; however, the resulting values present errors due to high interferences, delayed analysis, and poor stability. Electrochemical sensors have been an alternative to creatinine detection, and the electrochemical methods have been adapted to detect in enzymatic and non-enzymatic sensors, the latter being more relevant in recent years. Nanomaterials have made creatinine sensors more stable, sensitive, and selective. This review presents recent advances in creatinine electrochemical sensors for advances in point-of-care (POC) sensing devices, comprising both a materials point of view and prototypes for advanced sensing. The effect of the metal, particle size, shape and other morphological and electronic characteristics of nanomaterials are discussed in terms of their impact on the effective detection of creatinine. In addition, the application of nanomaterials in POC devices is revised pointing to practical applications and looking for more straightforward and less expensive devices to manufacture.

Graphical abstract: Electrochemical creatinine detection for advanced point-of-care sensing devices: a review

Associated articles

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
20 Jul 2022
Accepted
16 Okt 2022
First published
27 Okt 2022
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Adv., 2022,12, 30785-30802

Electrochemical creatinine detection for advanced point-of-care sensing devices: a review

C. L. Gonzalez-Gallardo, N. Arjona, L. Álvarez-Contreras and M. Guerra-Balcázar, RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 30785 DOI: 10.1039/D2RA04479J

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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