Issue 19, 2018

The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs: a review for chemists

Abstract

The platinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are regularly prescribed in the treatment of cancer and while they are effective, their use is limited by their severe, dose-limiting side effects (also referred to as adverse effects/events). In total, a cancer patient can experience any combination of around 40 specific side effects. The dose-limiting side effect for cisplatin is nephrotoxicity, for carboplatin it is myelosuppression, and for oxaliplatin it is neurotoxicity. Other common side effects include anaphylaxis, cytopenias (including leukopenia and neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anaemia), hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, stomatitis, pain, alopecia, anorexia, cachexia, and asthenia. The side effects may require patients to be prescribed dose reductions in their platinum drugs of between 25 and 100%. Furthermore, patients require extensive monitoring of their biochemistries, kidney and liver function, and depending on the drug, hearing tests. Finally, patients are commonly co-prescribed additional non-chemotherapy based drugs to treat the side effects which can include antiemetics, antibiotics and myeloid growth factors, mannitol, propafenone, saline hyperhydration, magnesium supplements, monoclonal antibody cytokine blockers, and antioxidants.

Graphical abstract: The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs: a review for chemists

Associated articles

Article information

Article type
Perspective
Submitted
05 Mär 2018
Accepted
29 Mär 2018
First published
29 Mär 2018

Dalton Trans., 2018,47, 6645-6653

The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs: a review for chemists

R. Oun, Y. E. Moussa and N. J. Wheate, Dalton Trans., 2018, 47, 6645 DOI: 10.1039/C8DT00838H

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