Classification, synthesis, characterization, and applications of metal nanoparticle-containing hybrid microgels: a comprehensive review

Abstract

In the last ten years, there has been significant interest in the integration of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in smart microgels (SMGs). These combined structures of metal nanoparticles and smart microgels possess unique behaviors that make them suitable for a wide range of applications in catalysis, environmental and biological fields. The intrinsic responsiveness of microgels within these hybrid systems shows significant potential for application across multiple fields. Extensive literature provides diverse insights into the morphologies and compositions of metal nanoparticles in microgels. The design of these hybrid microgels plays a crucial role in determining their applicability, leading to tailored solutions for specific purposes under specific conditions. This review aims to summarize the latest advancements in the classification, synthesis, responsiveness, characterizations, and applications of hybrid microgel systems. Additionally, it explores the recent advancements in the applications of metal nanoparticle-decorated microgels in catalysis, adsorption, sensing, biomedical and environmental fields.