Mechanistic investigation of enolate/stabilized vinylogous carbanion-mediated organocatalytic azide (3 + 2) cycloaddition reactions for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles

Abstract

Herein, we report a fully detailed mechanistic study involving an organocatalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition via enolate or stabilized vinylogous carbanion intermediates and azide for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles. A detailed investigation of the elementary steps, intermediates, and transition states of the two organocatalyzed metal-free click reactions is supported by DFT calculations and ¹H NMR monitoring experiments, providing detailed profiles for both reaction mechanisms. Distortion–interaction activation-strain (DIAS) analysis was also employed to further elucidate the regioselectivity in both reactions.