Visible-light-induced metal-free coupling of C(sp3)–H sources with heteroarenes

Abstract

Development of an efficient, mild, economically viable, and green method for the construction of a Csp²–Csp³ bond via coupling between a saturated hydrocarbon [(Csp³)–H] and a heteroarene is a powerful synthetic strategy as the corresponding products are useful in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Presently, a metal-free photoinduced methodology has earned significant interest in organic chemistry as it utilized an organic photosensitizer and light as a clean energy source. This critical review presents an overview of the recent findings and developments in visible-light-mediated metal-free cross-coupling between C(sp³)–H sources and heteroarenes. This article has been presented based on different C(sp³)–H sources used in the reaction and the mechanism of each reaction was discussed simultaneously to provide a comprehensive guide to the readers for developing a variety of efficient photocatalytic systems.