Biogenic derived egg shell and its derivatives as solid base heterogeneous catalysts for organic transformations: a comprehensive review

Abstract

The implication of employing green chemistry in synthetic chemistry has opened new doors of sustainability and innovation. The field has attracted tremendous attention in the area of the production of biodiesel, transesterification, carbon–carbon bond formation, condensation and isomerization. Increase in environmental pollution has encouraged researchers to shed light on environmentally benign and sustainable processes to combat the contemporary issues that arise in the current era. Overall, heterogeneous catalysis is proven to be advantageous over homogeneous catalysis as a green process because of the ease of catalyst separation from the reaction mixture fewer stages and less product contamination. The present review emphasizes the pivotal application of egg shell powder as an efficient biocatalyst for organic transformation reactions. Egg shell catalyzed reactions with high chemical selectivity, reduction of the catalyst usage, and high throughput have gained attention in the current scenario for all the above-mentioned reasons. The exact significance of these reactions has been explained thoroughly in the article keeping in mind a greener and economic future.