The postsynthetic renaissance of luminescent lanthanide ions on crystalline porous organic framework materials

Abstract

A series of crystalline porous organic framework materials (CPOFs), such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and hydrogen bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), have received extensive attention due to their tunable structure and various excellent applications. Postsynthetic modification (PSM) is a facile and effective method to introduce functional species into channels of MOFs, COFs, and HOFs, which includes coordinated PSM, covalent PSM, ion exchange, ligand exchange, and so on. Trivalent lanthanide (Ln³⁺) ions as great luminescent species can be decorated on CPOFs based on coordinated PSM, and other PSM strategies are also adopted for better fabrication of Ln³⁺ functionalized CPOF materials. At present, lots of examples of Ln@MOF/COF/HOF luminescent materials and devices have been proposed for various optical applications. Their tunable structure and induced luminescent Ln³⁺ ions will provide targeted luminescence properties for MOFs, COFs, and HOFs. In this review, the design and fabrication of Ln@MOF/COF/HOF luminescent materials and devices are elaborated systematically, the discussion key point being mainly concerned on the design ideas and fabrication methods of recent Ln@MOF/COF/HOF luminescent materials. It's notable that many fabrication methods for Ln@MOF/COF/HOF films, including FTO, ITO, ZnO, paper, hydrogel-based films, and fabric, have also been provided.