Synthesis of Au@TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles with tunable structures for plasmon-enhanced photocatalysis

Abstract

Plasmonic metal–semiconductor nanocomposites, especially those with core–shell nanostructures, have received extensive attention as they can efficiently expand light absorption and accelerate electron–hole separation thus improving the photocatalytic efficiency. However, controlled synthesis and structure manipulation of plasmonic metal–semiconductor nanocomposites still remain a significant challenge. Herein, a simple and universal method has been developed for the preparation of plasmonic Au@TiO₂ core–shell nanoparticles. Using such a method, uniform TiO₂ shells are successfully coated on Au nanoparticles with various morphologies including nanorods, nanocubes, and nanospheres, and the thickness and crystallinity of the TiO₂ shell can be simply tuned by adjusting the pH value and thermal treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of the morphology of the Au core and the thickness and crystallinity of the TiO₂ shell on the photocatalytic performance of Au@TiO₂ towards the photodegradation of methylene blue is systematically explored. It is found that Au@TiO₂ NPs with nanorod morphology and crystalline TiO₂ shells display the best performance, which is 5 times higher than that of bare Au nanoparticles. This work provides a facile strategy for the fabrication of plasmonic core–shell nanostructures that show excellent performance in plasmon-enhanced photocatalysis.