A single palladium site catalyst as a bridge for converting homogeneous to heterogeneous in dimerization of terminal aryl acetylenes

Abstract

Herein, we utilize the surface dangling bond of MOFs as anchoring sites to access single Pd sites embedded on a hollow MOF nanobox. The stabilization of isolated Pd₁ species is based on the strong coordination of the surface dangling bond of MOFs, followed by sequential reduction and phase transfer processes. The supported isolated single Pd sites can effect the highly active and selective process to produce conjugated dienes towards the dimerization of terminal aryl acetylenes, which has been previously only catalyzed by homogeneous catalysts. Unlike the commercial Pd/C and nanoparticles (NPs), the heterolytic cleavage of H₂ and C–H bond efficient cleavage of terminal alkynes on atomically dispersed Pd₁ sites ensure the high selectivity process and prevent the generation of styrene.