Cu-based catalysts for electrocatalytic urea synthesis from CO2 and NO3−: mechanism, design and perspectives

Hangkai Shi, Liang Zhao, Weizhou Wang, Shuyi Pang, Hongdong Li, Jingqi Chi, Jianping Lai and Lei Wang

Inorg. Chem. Front., 2026, 13, 2302
DOI: 10.1039/D5QI02240A

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanomaterials for foliar applications and soil–water remediation in agriculture: a review

Rajasekaran Jayasoorya, Thangavel Pradeesh Kumar and Selvaraj Mohana Roopan

Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2026, 13, 1255
DOI: 10.1039/D5EN00446B

Electrocatalytic synthesis of methylamine from nitrate and carbon dioxide on a heterometallic polyphthalocyanine

Yiyang Zhou, Ruizhi Duan, Linqi Liu, Chunmei Ding and Can Li

Chem. Sci., 2025, 16, 17148
DOI: 10.1039/D5SC04641F

Amorphous MnO2 with low-coordinated Mn sites for efficient electrochemical urea production from CO2 and NO

Menghan Zhu, Ye Tian, Rui Niu, Xiang Li, Fengyu Zhang and Ke Chu

New J. Chem., 2025, 49, 20507
DOI: 10.1039/D5NJ03566J

Advanced systems for enhanced CO2 electroreduction

Wenfu Xie, Bingkun Li, Lu Liu, Hao Li, Mingzhu Yue, Qingman Niu, Shuyu Liang, Xiaodong Shao, Hyoyoung Lee, Jin Yong Lee, Mingfei Shao, Qiang Wang, Dermot O'Hare and Hong He

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2025, 54, 898
DOI: 10.1039/D4CS00563E

Designing high-performance catalysts for urea electrosynthesis: synergy between single atoms and BC3 monolayers

Wanying Guo, Yuwei Yan, Zhenghaoyang Zhu, Yuejie Liu and Jingxiang Zhao

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 13428
DOI: 10.1039/D5TA00928F

Accelerated electrocatalytic urea synthesis via atomic-ordering-mediated d–p orbital hybridization in ternary intermetallic Pd3Bi0.5In0.5 metallene

You Xu, Yufeng Yuan, Jiangwei Xie, Yunju Li, Kai Deng, Ziqiang Wang, Hongjie Yu, Liang Wang and Hongjing Wang

Chem. Commun., 2025, 61, 17169
DOI: 10.1039/D5CC04742K

In situ growth of indium-doped cerium oxide for highly selective urea electrosynthesis from nitrate and carbon dioxide

Yifan Zhou, Shuying Li, Yuxia Jin, Rui Yang, Peng Luo, Changrui Feng, Ziyuan Yang, Abuliti Abudula, Peifen Wang, Wenhao Lian and Guoqing Guan

Green Chem., 2026, 28, 1059
DOI: 10.1039/D5GC04834F

Ni and Mo atom pairs as single sites on N-doped graphitic carbon for urea formation by simultaneous CO2 and NO3− reduction with pulsed electrocatalysis

Jiajun Hu, Silvio Osella, Josep Albero and Hermenegildo García

EES Catal., 2025, 3, 1075
DOI: 10.1039/D5EY00056D

Urea synthesis via electrocatalytic C–N coupling of CO2 and nitrate on oxygen-vacancy-rich Co3O4–CuO heterostructure nanowires

Ziqiang Wang, Rencong Zhang, Yanan Wang, Hongjie Yu, Kai Deng, You Xu, Liang Wang and Hongjing Wang

Chem. Commun., 2025, 61, 9496
DOI: 10.1039/D5CC01629K

Tailoring Cu-Based Nanoalloys for Highly Selective Electrochemical Urea Synthesis from CO2 and Nitrate

Hao Zhang, Jinjie Liu, Zhihang Xu, Yuanzhi Bu, Tai-Sing Wu, Wei-Min Tu, Yun-Liang Soo, Cong Lin, Ye Zhu, Qiong Lei, Jun Yin and Tsz Woon Benedict Lo

ACS Catal., 2025, 15, 8966
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5c01960

A Homonuclear Ruthenium Dual-Atom Catalyst Enables Efficient Urea Electrosynthesis via Dual Site–Single Site Synergy

Jiajun Li, Zhuoyan Zhang, Ye Tian, Xue Zeng and Ke Chu

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2025, 13, 19679
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c08422

Hydroxycarbonate-Induced Asymmetric Bridging-Adsorption of CO2 to Trigger C–N Coupling for Urea Electrosynthesis

Qianqian Song, Yingbing Zhang, Ziyang Wu, Min Kuang, Jun Chen and Jianping Yang

ACS Catal., 2025, 15, 13353
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5c03617

Oxygen-vacancy-engineered Cr₂CO₂ electrocatalysts for efficient urea synthesis from nitrite and carbon monoxide

Tiantian Zhao, Siyao Wang, Daifei Ye, Jing Xu and Jingxiang Zhao

Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy, 2025, 372, 125327
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2025.125327

Phyllosilicates-derived catalysts for CO2 conversion

Chongchong Chen, Mingyang Wei, Shiquan Huang, Jucai Wang, Tongtong Wang and Runping Ye

Fuel, 2026, 407, 137262
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137262

Redirecting Charge Distribution and Spatial Proximity of Co−O−Cu Motif with 4f−2p−3d Orbital Hybridization for High‐Efficiency Urea Electrosynthesis

Keping Wang, Mei Wu, Jinyan Liang, Xihong Lu, Song Yang and Hu Li

Advanced Materials, 2026, 38
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202521702

Regulating Active Hydrogen Supply Over Cu Clusters‐Interspersed MoS2/MoO2 Nanosheets for Efficient Urea Electrosynthesis

Yan Wang, Shuai Xia, Jianfang Zhang, Cuiping Yu, Jiayu Liu, Miao Han, Kui Chen, Hao Tan, Yong Zhang, Hark Hoe Tan and Yucheng Wu

Adv Funct Materials, 2026, 36
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202519152

Strategies for cost-optimized biocement production: a comprehensive review

Zhen Yan, Kazunori Nakashima, Chikara Takano and Satoru Kawasaki

World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2025, 41
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-025-04281-2

d‐Electron Asymmetry‐Driven CN Coupling on Heteronuclear Dual‐Atom Catalysts for Sustainable Urea Electrosynthesis

Zaifu Jiang, Jingjing Wang, Dingmei Zhang, Panlong Kong and Xiaotao Zhang

Advanced Science, 2025, 12
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202511001

Three-Site Catalysis of In1–MoB2 to Boost Urea Electrosynthesis

Fuzhou Wang, Jiahang Li, Xuezi Xing, Chenguang Yin, Xin Wang, Ke Chu and Dongwei Ma

Nano Lett., 2025, 25, 13198
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c03072

Defect‐Induced Triple Synergistic Modulation of CuBi Clusters for Enhanced Urea Electrosynthesis

Yingchao Yu, Xiandi Ma, Yanmei Huang, Menggai Jiao, Lingjun Kong and Bin Zhang

Angewandte Chemie, 2026, 138
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202525147

Unveiling the role of nitrate enrichment on electrode surface to achieve high selectivity of electrosynthesis urea of C-N coupling in the flow-through electrolytic cell

Ying Chen, Zhiliang Cheng, Shujie Hu, Mengyue Zhang, Di Wu, Xuan Zhao, Haoran Yang, Linjiang Zhong, Xinjie Chai, Hong Liu, Facheng Qiu and Yuan Liu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 515, 163532
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.163532

Multi-win situation of wastewater purification, carbon emission reduction and resource utilization: Conversion of refractory organics and nitrate to urea and ammonia in a flow-through electrochemical integrated system

Xianjing Liu, Jiayu Li, Xinrui Guo, Jintao Wu and Ying Wang

Water Research, 2024, 266, 122317
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122317

Photocatalyzed C–N coupling reactions of small molecules

Lin-Xing Zhang, Chang-Long Tan, Ming-Yu Qi, Zi-Rong Tang and Yi-Jun Xu

Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2026, 80, 7
DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(25)64838-8

Balancing Intermediates Formation on Atomically Pd‐Bridged Cu/Cu2O Interfaces for Kinetics‐Matching Electrocatalytic C─N Coupling Reaction

Yan Wang, Shuai Xia, Kui Chen, Jianfang Zhang, Cuiping Yu, Jingjie Wu, Peng Wang, Wenjun Zhang and Yucheng Wu

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202503011

Recent advancements related to silver-based electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction reaction to carbon monoxide

Cristina Tricella, Mohsin Muhyuddin, Roberto Nisticò, Sergio Tosoni and Carlo Santoro

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 2025, 51, 101696
DOI: 10.1016/j.coelec.2025.101696

Metalloporphyrin/Phthalocyanine Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation

Hai Sun, Shun Lu, Yuanyuan Qi, Jiahui Wu, Terence Liu, Jun‐Sheng Qin and Heng Rao

Advanced Science, 2025, 12
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202509323

A three-step cascade pathway for highly efficient and sustainable urea synthesis

Shiyao Shang, Chenguang Yin, Xing Yang, Dongwei Ma and Ke Chu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 528, 172459
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.172459

Exploration of the potential of direct electricity-driven urea synthesis: Techno-economic analysis of an electrocatalytic process coupling with a supercritical carbon dioxide-based power plant

Aejin Lee, Juli Ayu Ningtyas, Jiwon Gu, Yus Donald Chaniago and Hankwon Lim

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2025, 522, 146272
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146272

Tuning the interfacial reaction environment via pH-dependent and induced ions to understand C–N bonds coupling performance in NO3− integrated CO2 reduction to carbon and nitrogen compounds over dual Cu-based N-doped carbon catalyst

Tianhang Zhou, Chen Shen, Zhenghao Wu, Xingying Lan and Yi Xiao

Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2025, 100, 273
DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2024.08.049

Recent advances in the catalysts for electroreduction of nitrate to nitrogen-containing chemicals: From reaction mechanism/pathway aspect

Zenghao Shi, Zhou Ren, Jingwei Li, Li Yan and Yunjie Ding

EnergyChem, 2026, 8, 100184
DOI: 10.1016/j.enchem.2026.100184

Sustainability insights into photocatalytic CO2-to-CH4 conversion utilizing g-C3N4-based photocatalysts: Flaws, progress, and prospectives

Felipe de J. Silerio-Vázquez, Babak Kakavandi, Muhammad Tayyab, Omirserik Baigenzhenov, Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei and José B. Proal-Nájera

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2025, 542, 216901
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216901

Design Strategies to Enhance Copper Electrocatalytic Performance for Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Electroreduction

Simone Lombardi, Silvia Mostoni, Lorenzo Mirizzi, Roberto Scotti, Rosanna Viscardi, Mohsin Muhyuddin, Massimiliano D'Arienzo and Carlo Santoro

ChemElectroChem, 2025, 12
DOI: 10.1002/celc.202400482

High-entropy alloys: Atomic horizons for sustainable electrocatalytic reactions

Iram Malik, Fawwaz Hazzazi, Jasvinder Kaur and Anuj Kumar

Materials Today Chemistry, 2025, 47, 102871
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2025.102871

Co‐Cu Materials Library Screening for Discovering Electrocatalysts for the Co‐Reduction of CO2 and Nitrate to Urea

Jialin Shi, Geovane Arruda de Oliveira, Xin Wang, Jian Zhang, Ieva Cechanaviciute, Jill Fortmann, Alfred Ludwig and Wolfgang Schuhmann

ChemistryEurope, 2026, 4
DOI: 10.1002/ceur.202500333

Engineering a pH-responsive fluorometric system: Dual-emission carbon dots and BTB for selective urea sensing

Al-Montaser Bellah H. Ali, Mohamed R. Elmasry, Yousef A. Bin Jardan and Mohamed M. El-Wekil

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2025, 466, 116416
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116416

Green Urea Synthesis from CO2 and Nitrogenous Small Molecules via Electrocatalysis and Photocatalysis

Lizhen Liu, Lin Zhou, Longcheng Zhang, Hongwei Huang, Xin Zhao and Zhichuan J. Xu

Small Science, 2025, 5
DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202500289

Electrifying CO2 Coupling With Small Molecules

Lulu Zuo, Caoyu Yang and Zhiyong Tang

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202502233

Emerging Atomistic Modeling Catalysts for C─N Electrocatalysis

Weiting Bai, Huiyu Zeng, Fanjiao Chen, Shanshan Wu, Shengchen Wang, Yapeng Du, Suli Liu, Dingsheng Wang and Zhihui Dai

Advanced Materials, 2026, 38
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202510907

Yet Another UREAlity Check: Compliant Analytical Tools, Electrochemical Insights, and Cell Configuration Effects in Urea Electrosynthesis on Polycrystalline Cu Electrodes

Martina Rizzo, Marzia Ferrera, Jacopo Stefano Pelli Cresi, Sine Mandrup Bertozzi, Andrea Griesi, Luca Goldoni, Ilka Kriegel, Michele Ferri and Liberato Manna

ACS Energy Lett., 2025, 10, 3580
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.5c01652

Mechanism of urea synthesis via photocatalytic N2/CO2 reduction on heteronuclear dual-metal loaded crystalline carbon nitride

Xiaoqing Liu and Wei Lin

Journal of Catalysis, 2026, 457, 116812
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2026.116812

Efficient and sustainable urea synthesis on a bifunctional catalyst

Di Yuan, Wenyu Du, Dongwei Ma and Ke Chu

Nano Research, 2025, 18, 94907910
DOI: 10.26599/NR.2025.94907910

Tuning C─N Coupling Mode by Cu─In Dual Metal Sites in Covalent Organic Framework for Enhanced Urea Electrosynthesis

Nan Wang, Yuan Zhang, Chunfeng Shao, Lei Yuan, Mingming Sun, Huiyong Wang, Suojiang Zhang and Jianji Wang

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202423683

Defect‐Induced Triple Synergistic Modulation of CuBi Clusters for Enhanced Urea Electrosynthesis

Yingchao Yu, Xiandi Ma, Yanmei Huang, Menggai Jiao, Lingjun Kong and Bin Zhang

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2026, 65
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202525147

Controlling the fate of nitrate: Selective electrocatalytic reduction to nitrogen and high-value chemicals via electrocatalyst and system design

Xuejiao Ma, Nianyu Shang, Zizhe Yang, Jiayi Song, Jia Huang, Yanhe Han and Yilin Yang

Separation and Purification Technology, 2026, 393, 137330
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2026.137330

Electrochemical urea synthesis on homonuclear Cu 2-C 2N diatomic catalysts

Zhuoyan Zhang, Ruihang Zhang, Ruizhi Liang, Jilong Kang, Xing Yang and Ke Chu

Nano Research, 2026, 19, 94908087
DOI: 10.26599/NR.2025.94908087

Spatially Matched C–N Coupling within Carbon Defect Confined Interlayer Fe Clusters for Efficient Urea Electrosynthesis

Qilong Wu, Liyun Wu, Yun Han, Haiyuan Zou, Xiaozhi Su, Yongheng Chu, Hao Deng, Sirui Tang, Xiaokang Wang, Dongdong Zhang, Fangfang Zhu, Yi Jia, Shaohua Shen, Aijun Du, Chen Chen, Shuangyin Wang, Xiangdong Yao and Jun Chen

Advanced Materials, 2026, 38
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202514503

Co-Embedding homonuclear Dual-Metal sites and phosphorus atom to achieve efficient methylamine electrosynthesis from carbon dioxide and nitrate

Ao Yang, Changyan Zhu, Kaile Li, Yun Geng, Xiangyu Guo, Zhongmin Su and Min Zhang

Applied Surface Science, 2025, 700, 163194
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163194

Electrochemical Synthesis of Urea toward High‐Value Utilization of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrate

Yuanjiang Pan, Ruijia Cao, Hongguo Wu, Bing Song and Hu Li

ChemSusChem, 2025, 18
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202501692

Theory-Guide Design of Integrative Catalytic Pairs for Urea Synthesis from Nitrate and Carbon Dioxide

Qiwen Su, Shucheng Yang, Shiyao Shang, Song Liu, Dongxu Jiao, Yuwei Yan, Xueshi Song, Ke Chu and Jingxiang Zhao

ACS Nano, 2025, 19, 18492
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5c01909

Atomically precise silver-based bimetallic clusters for electrocatalytic urea synthesis

Hong Chen, Lin Liu, Xiao-Hong Ma, Su-Jun Zheng, Xiao-Yu Dong, Ren-Wu Huang, Zhao-Yang Wang, Jinmeng Cai and Shuang-Quan Zang

National Science Review, 2025, 12
DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae440

Polyimide-based thermal rearranged (TR) membrane for highly efficient natural gas separation: A review

Mingwei Cai, Jiongcai Chen, Huaixu Wang, Jiahao Wu, Shiyang Zhang and Yonggang Min

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 355, 129624
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.129624

Three birds with one stone: Electrocatalytic C–N coupling for carbon neutrality, nitrogen resource utilization, and urea synthesis

Zhijie Cui, Honghai Wang, Chunli Li, Wenchao Peng and Jiapeng Liu

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2024, 205, 114822
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114822

Exploring the Use of Treated Water in Water Reclamation Facilities for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration

Nakyeong Yun and Ruggero Rossi

ACS EST Eng., 2025, 5, 2368
DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.5c00276

Promoting CO2/NO3− CO-activation and C N coupling for urea electrosynthesis over d-p hybridized Ru bi dual atoms

Xuezi Xing, Zhuohang Li, Jilong Kang, Jinmei Qian, Xiaomei Wang and Ke Chu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 523, 168807
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.168807

Plasma-electrocatalytic synthesis of urea from air and CO2

Zeyi Sun, Rui Niu, Shiyao Shang, Yali Guo, Hu Zhang, Xijun Liu, Libang Feng and Ke Chu

Nat Commun, 2025, 16
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63923-z

Pore Engineering for Directional CO2 Enrichment in Urea Electrosynthesis

Chun Li, Haoyang Xu, Nan Zou, Ruoting Liu, Yimin Zeng and Ying Zheng

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 48631
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c09970

Remote Carbon Monoxide Spillover Improves Tandem Urea Electrosynthesis

Jia‐Yuan Li, Yue‐Fei Li, Lin‐Sen Li, Zhao Jiang, Yu Chen and Bao Yu Xia

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202421266

Efficient urea electrosynthesis via the synergy of self-tandem catalysis and HMF oxidation

Rui Niu, Zeyi Sun, Jinmei Qian, Yali Guo, Dongwei Ma and Ke Chu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 525, 169931
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.169931

Principles of designing electrocatalysts to boost C–N coupling reactions for urea synthesis

Jingwei Li, Shengkai Li, Yaohao Zhang and Zhao‐Qing Liu

EcoEnergy, 2024, 2, 679
DOI: 10.1002/ece2.72

Remote Carbon Monoxide Spillover Improves Tandem Urea Electrosynthesis

Jia‐Yuan Li, Yue‐Fei Li, Lin‐Sen Li, Zhao Jiang, Yu Chen and Bao Yu Xia

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202421266

Reliable and accessible methods for urea quantification in co-reduction of carbon-dioxide- and nitrogen-containing species

Yan Zhang, Gefei Huang, Haichuan Zhang, Xiaoyi Qiu, Guimei Liu, Yinuo Wang, Juhee Jang, Yian Wang, Zidong Wei, Zongwei Cai and Minhua Shao

Chem Catalysis, 2025, 5, 101234
DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2024.101234

Programmable Oxygen-Ligand Fields Encode Atomic Cu Coordination for Pathway-Selective CO2–Nitrate Conversion to Urea

Chun Li, Vahid Shahed Gharahshiran, Jiarui Cui, Kaiyang Li, Yimin Zeng and Ying Zheng

ACS Nano, 2026
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6c00620

Boosting Electrochemical Urea Synthesis via Cooperative Electroreduction Through the Parallel Reduction

Yalan Zhang, Jie Hu, Huike Zhou, Yingpeng Zhang, Zebin Yu, Qiang Wei, Wenrong Xiong, Lijun Chen, Zhifei Yu, Jiahao Yang, Wei Liu, Hu Du, Jinying Xu, Sunlin Chi, Aiying Wang and Xianchuan Xie

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202423568

Asymmetric Orbital Hybridization Triggered Electron Redistribution at the Cu‐In2O3 Interface Enables Energy‐Saving Coupled Urea Electrosynthesis

You Xu, Jiangwei Xie, Youwei Sheng, Jiabing Geng, Kai Deng, Ziqiang Wang, Hongjie Yu, Liang Wang and Hongjing Wang

Adv Funct Materials, 2026, 36
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202505982

Supplanted by electron-deficient B to form RuN2B-CoN4 moiety as superior catalytic site to further promote urea production

Ao Yang, Changyan Zhu, Kaile Li, Yunjie Chu, Mengxue Wang, Yun Geng, Zhongmin Su and Min Zhang

Molecular Catalysis, 2024, 569, 114637
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2024.114637

Power-to-Future: Combining Electrification Technologies

Kevin Van Daele, Yury Gorbanev, Jonathan Schalck, Quinten Van Avondt, Patrice Perreault, Tom Breugelmans and Annemie Bogaerts

ACS Energy Lett., 2026, 11, 125
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.5c03357

Balancing Intermediates Formation on Atomically Pd‐Bridged Cu/Cu2O Interfaces for Kinetics‐Matching Electrocatalytic C─N Coupling Reaction

Yan Wang, Shuai Xia, Kui Chen, Jianfang Zhang, Cuiping Yu, Jingjie Wu, Peng Wang, Wenjun Zhang and Yucheng Wu

Angewandte Chemie, 2025, 137
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202503011

Metal-N4-Functionalized Graphene as Highly Active Catalysts for C–N Bond Formation in Electrochemical Urea Synthesis

Tsai-Jen Lin, Wei-Sen Chen, Hsien-Chin Li, Chao-Yang Chen, Hansaem Choi, Youngkook Kwon and Mu-Jeng Cheng

J. Phys. Chem. C, 2025, 129, 3424
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c07971

Comparative study of cobalt, copper and zinc oxides for the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia

Simone Lombardi, Tatiana Rodriguez-Flores, Gabriele Prina, Viviana Cigolotti, Nicola Lisi, Enrico Berretti, Mohsin Muhyuddin, Rosanna Viscardi, Roberto Nisticò and Carlo Santoro

Electrochimica Acta, 2026, 548, 147870
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147870

Design of tandem catalysts and cascade catalytic systems for converting CO2 into C2+ products

Mingxiao Liu, Xiaoran Lu, Ruijie He, Yechun Zhou, Yanbiao Liu, Lieyun Chen, Xiaomeng Suo, Juan Hou, Qingping Ke, Zhipeng Chen, Ping Feng and Chao Wan

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 523, 168293
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.168293

Rate expression model from thermodynamics application and optimal kinetic parameters determination for urea synthesis and production process

O.E. Ojong, J.G. Akpa, K.K. Dagde and D. Amadi

Results in Engineering, 2024, 24, 102885
DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102885

Exploring the application potential of ZnAl layered double hydroxides in electrosynthesis of urea with nitrate and CO2

Ruzhu Jia, Shunzheng Zhao, Xiaolong Tang, Dongjuan Kang, Qingjun Yu, Fengyu Gao and Honghong Yi

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13, 118178
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.118178

Green and inexpensive CuS/S-RGO nanoflowers efficiently electrochemically reduce CO2 and NO3− to produce urea

Yixin Xu, Fuhao Chu, Linhui Li, Liyi Dai and Yuanyuan Wang

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2026, 1002, 119748
DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119748

Multi-scale modeling guided electrochemical C–N coupling for urea production in metal-organic frameworks

Yuting Xu, Gregory D. Foley, Lan On, V. Sara Thoi and Fanglin Che

Journal of Catalysis, 2026, 453, 116523
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2025.116523

Selective electrosynthesis of urea from nitrate and carbon dioxide with low overpotential

Shuxia Liu, Tanyuan Wang, Jiarui Liu, Jianyun Liu, Hao Shi, Zijie Lin, Zhao Cai, Yunhui Huang and Qing Li

Nat Commun, 2026, 17
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-68497-y

Nano-confinement engineering boosts C–N coupling for urea electrosynthesis

Jiaxin Du, Yunshuo Wu, Siyu Fang, Daliang Xu, Min Liu, Heng Liang, Zhongbiao Wu, Gaoqing Max Lu and Xuanhao Wu

Nat Commun, 2025, 17
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-67741-1