Synergistic electronic structure modulation and lattice fortification in hierarchical potassium titanate nanowires for aqueous manganese-ion batteries

Abstract

This study reports self-assembled, sea urchin-like nanowires featuring gradient boron / fluorine co-doping to advance aqueous manganese-ion batteries. This synergistic modulation augments intrinsic conductivity and fortifies structural stability. Consequently, the optimized cathode delivers superior capability (527.2 mAh g−1) and exceptional cycling performance (98.9% retention after 600 cycles), providing a strategic framework for designing high-performance aqueous manganese-ion batteries.