A kinetic model for the biphasic production of furfural from xylose is presented after discrimination.
Levulinic acid esterification is a key reaction for biomass valorization. This work evaluates how sulfation strategies affect the acidic properties and catalytic behavior of Nb2O5- and ZrO2-based catalysts in the synthesis of ethyl levulinate.
Surfactant-assisted porosity engineering and sulfation of MOF-808 enable efficient triacetin formation by combining hierarchical pores with tailored Brønsted acidity.
Adsorption and diffusion of alkanes in sulfated zirconia are characterized by frequency response and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy.
The crystal phase of Zr-based solid acid was tailored by two-step precipitation for strongly bonding with sulfate groups. The tetragonal ZrO2 was coordinated with sulfate groups to enhance its acidity and thus boosted BHPF synthesis.