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Mixed-valence engineered bipolar polyimide covalent organic framework film for multicolor displays and dual-band electrochromism

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Energy-generating smart windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition

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Materials, mechanisms, and emerging applications of electrochromic systems

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A robust UV-curable ion-liquid gel electrolyte for high-performance polymer-based electrochromic devices

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A novel liquid flow electrochromic smart window for all-year-round dynamic photothermal regulation

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Advances in multicolor electrochromic devices based on inorganic materials

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Electrochromic thin films of tungsten oxide with high-exposure (002) crystal faces doped and modulated with cerium acetate

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A high-performance multifunctional three-electrode electrochromic device based on a Zn auxiliary electrode

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J. Mater. Chem. A, 2026, 14, 9207
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π-Conjugation-extended benzoimidazoisoindolone-based n-type ladder polymers for highly air-robust aqueous sodium-ion electrochromic energy storage

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Recent advances in flexible multifunctional electrochromic devices

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A Multi‐Color Four‐Mode Electrochromic Window for All‐Season Thermal Regulation in Buildings

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Advanced Energy Materials, 2025, 15
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A Review on the Synthesis Methods, Properties, and Applications of Polyaniline-Based Electrochromic Materials

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Toward Next‐Generation Smart Windows: An In‐depth Analysis of Dual‐Band Electrochromic Materials and Devices

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Multivalent‐Ion Electrochromic Energy Saving and Storage Devices

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A Redox‐Mediated Stepwise Reversible Electrodeposition Smart Window

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Dual-band electrochromic windows for coupled photothermal and thermoelectric energy harvesting

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Dynamic thermal radiation regulation for thermal management

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An Electrochromic Pure Poly(N-phenylglycine) with a High Optical Modulation Amplitude, a Wide Color Gamut, and Safe Raw Material Accessibility

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Enhanced cycling stability of black electrochromic device with hydroquinonesulfonate salt as an efficient redox mediator for energy-saving windows

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Dynamic Multicolor Display with Wide Color Gamut Enabled by Vanadium Oxide‐Based Fabry–Pérot Electrochromic Nanocavities

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Zn Anode‐Based Electrochromic Devices: Progress & Challenges

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Energy & Environ Materials, 2026, 9
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Heterocycle‐ and Amine‐Free Electrochromic and Electrofluorochromic Molecules for Energy‐Saving See‐Through Smart Windows and Displays

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Multicolored Dual‐Band Zinc Anode‐Based Electrochromic Device with Four‐Mode Conversion Based on Phytic Acid‐Doped Polyaniline

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Fast-switching dual-cathode electrochromic smart windows for year-round building energy savings

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Enhancing infrared electrochromic properties of the poly(styrene sulfonate) doped polyaniline composite film by morphology regulation

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Paracrystalline WO3 Additive-Free Monodisperse Inks for Large-Scale Electrochromic Devices

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Fabry-Pérot cavity-engineered smart windows with enhanced dynamic radiative cooling and solar modulation

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Multifunctional Ultrathin Metasurface with a Low Radar Cross Section and Variable Infrared Emissivity

Zekui Zhang, Leipeng Zhang, Zichen Ren, Yike Zhang, Tingting Hao, Dongqi Liu, Lei Xu, Wenchao Liu, Jiawu Sun, Haoyu Ji and Yuqiang Wang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024
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Designed growth of nanostructured amorphous TiO₂ films with high electrochromic energy storage performance

Yingdi Shi, Yong Zhang, Weitao Liang, Mengchen Liu, Kai Tang, Lan Li, Zirong Li, Longqiang Ye and Zhenzhen Hui

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Layer-stacked polyaniline/silver nanowire composite film for multicolor electrochromic smart windows with dual-band optical modulation

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Optical Materials, 2024, 150, 115281
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The wide-band reflective electrochromic device based on porous gold foil possesses wide solar radiation absorption regulation capabilities

Junyu Yuan, Shengwei Tang, Junlong Niu, Yulin Liu and Chunyang Jia

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Dual-cathode electrochromic smart window with a shared Zn anode for independent visible and near-infrared regulation

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Polyaniline microspheres using potassium polyvinyl sulfate as template for large-area broadband electrochromic device with large infrared emissivity variation

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A Spectrum‐Tailored Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Film for Energy‐Saving Smart Windows

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Dual-band electrochromic smart windows towards building energy conservation

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Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2023, 256, 112320
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The birth of zinc anode-based electrochromic devices

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Applied Physics Reviews, 2024, 11
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Keggin-type polyoxometalate–PW12 regulates the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of W18O49 to enhance electrochromic performance

Huiwen Shi, Yanyan Yang, Bo Fu, Yingying Song, Fengru Li, Yongqi Yang, Hua Jin and Xiaoshu Qu

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 646, 237246
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Triarylamine-based polyimide COFs for achieving high performance ambipolar multi-color electrochromic energy-storage films

Lei Huang, Rong Guo, Qingqing Qiu, Huan Li, Putrakumar Balla, Jinming Zeng, Tongxiang Liang, Xiaopeng Qi and Ping Liu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 497, 155018
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Advancements in dual-band electrochromic smart windows: Exploring single-component materials for sustainable building solutions

Luxue Qin, Yuwei Liu, Miao Long, Bingsuo Zou and Sheng Cao

Ceramics International, 2024, 50, 22174
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Built‐In Electric Field‐Assisted Polyaniline for Boosting Dual‐Band Electrochromic Smart Windows with Multicolor Displays and Four‐Mode Conversion

Lin Huang, Sheng Cao, Yuwei Liu, Junyao Chen, Huiying Li, Yi Liang, Tao Yang and Bingsuo Zou

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Processable oligoaniline-functionalized polyamide for electrochromic capacitive windows featuring energy recovery and reuse

Yunfei Xie, Yingchao Zhang, Meini Li, Ruonan Huang, Xincai Liu and Danming Chao

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 470, 144099
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Polyaniline Films Fabricated by Pre‐Nucleation Electrodeposition Method with High Electrochemical Activity: Parameter Optimization and Analysis

Tianxu Wang, Lei Wang, Yuanze Chen, Lijie Zhu, Mingqing Yang, Shiyu Zhang, Chunhui Niu and Yong Lv

Macro Chemistry & Physics, 2024, 225
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Electro-optical performance of the quasi-solid-state electrochromic device with Mg2+ electrolyte

Xi Chen, Hulin Zhang, Mengqiang Wu, Haoran Lai, Xiang Zhang and Yao Li

Materials Letters, 2023, 352, 135126
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Complementary multicolor electrochromic devices with excellent stability based on porous tin oxide nanosheet scaffold

Chenchen Bian, Jinhui Wang, Huanhuan Liu, Yin Yan, Ping Zhang, Weilong Yang, Sensen Jia, Xiaodan Guo and Guofa Cai

Nano Res., 2024, 17, 3035
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Design and synthesis of donor-acceptor electrochromic polymers with remarkable near-infrared modulation

Mingqian Qiu, Guoqiang Kuang, Longjun Gui, Hongbin Yin, Yijie Tao, Yafei Guo and Shiguo Zhang

Polymer, 2024, 308, 127375
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A semi-solid, polychromatic dual-band electrochromic smart window: Visualizing sunlight and solar heat transmission

Junkai Wang, Zhipeng Wang, Mei Zhang, Xiangtao Huo and Min Guo

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 484, 149628
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Electrically Controlled Smart Window for Seasonally Adaptive Thermal Management in Buildings

Kai Feng, Yanfei Ma, Lina Zhang, Yubo Liu, Yizhe Liu, Zhencai Xing, Xiaowei Pei, Yang Wu and Feng Zhou

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Nanorod-based smart windows with solid-gel electrolyte: An integrated electrochromic and pseudocapacitive technology for energy-saving and conversion

Giang Thi Phan, Duy Van Pham, Ngoc Linh Doan Thi, Carlo C. Sta. Maria, Ying-Hao Chu and Yuan-Ron Ma

Nano Energy, 2024, 132, 110374
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Porous covalent polymer framework-based molecular platform for polychromatic Vis-to-NIR electrochromic smart window to modulate solar irradiation

Sayan Halder and Chanchal Chakraborty

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2024, 270, 112800
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A Local‐Dissociation Solid‐State Polymer Electrolyte with Enhanced Li+ Transport for High‐Performance Dual‐Band Electrochromic Smart Windows

Run Li, Fan Lan, Lian Tang, Ya Huang, Siming Zhao, Baoshun Wang, Ying Han, Di Gao, Qinyuan Jiang, Yanlong Zhao, Zhuojing Zhao, Fei Wang and Rufan Zhang

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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A Wide Color Gamut and Noniridescent Zinc‐Anode Asymmetric Electrochromic Device for Self‐Sustaining Color‐Adaptive Bio‐Camouflage System

Shihua Qin, Sheng Cao, Yuwei Liu, Junyao Chen, Huiying Li, Tao Yang, Guanlin Liu, Jialong Zhao and Bingsuo Zou

Small, 2024, 20
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Optically Decoupling Electrochromic Dynamics and In Situ Morphological Evolution of a Single Soft Polyaniline Nanoentity

Junjie Ma, Zhihui Wang, Ben Niu, Wei Wang and Hui Wang

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Recent progress in transmissive and reflective electrochromic devices for multi-color modulation

Qingjiao Huang, Jiacheng Hu, Menghan Yin, Ying Zhu and Rui-Tao Wen

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2024, 267, 112706
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Organic Ligand‐Free Scalable Dual‐Band Electrochromic Smart Windows

Rong Liu, Yiyi Li, Bin Hu and Yi Long

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Design Strategies for High Reflectivity Contrast and Stability Adaptive Camouflage Electrochromic Supercapacitors

Mingfa Shao, Juncheng Dong, Xiaojing Lv, Changjiang Zhou, Minao Xia, Chunyan Liu, Mi Ouyang and Cheng Zhang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2023, 15, 58723
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High-performance dual-band electrochromic materials based on Prussian white

Haohao Sun, Wenxuan Wang, Shengxing Pan, Zelang Jian, Yuli Xiong and Wen Chen

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, 981, 173732
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“Dark-to-Warm” Smart Windows Enabled by Black-to-Black Electrochromic Copolymers with Minimal Visible and Remarkable NIR Modulation

Cheng Yuan, Guoqiang Kuang, Hongbin Yin, Akif Zeb, Pengrui Yin, Chaoyang Zhang, Yijie Tao, Yafei Guo and Shiguo Zhang

Macromolecules, 2024, 57, 6100
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A Highly Efficient and Energy Saving Electrochromic Platform for Adaptive Visible and Near-Infrared Light Modulation

Dajiang Tang, Junxin Wang, Xiaoyu Huang, Dashui Zhang, Sheng Cao, Linfei Yin, Zhangfa Tong, Hongbing Ji, Rachel C. Evans and Hui-Ying Qu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 482, 148870
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How much of the energy in the electrochromic energy storage window can be reused?

Yunfei Xie, Meini Li, Ruonan Huang, Ningzhi Cao and Danming Chao

Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 67, 103321
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pH-sensitive tunable thermochromic hydrogel with carbon quantum dots for smart windows

Sai Zhong, Yuxuan Xue, Kuanwen Wang, Haoyang Li, Yanghua Lu, Zhenqian Pang, Tengyao Jiang and Gang Tan

NSO, 2024, 3, 20230071
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Roadmap for electrochromic smart devices: From materials engineering and architectures design to multifunctional application

Jinhui Wang, Xiaodan Guo, Chenchen Bian, Yu Zhong, Jiangping Tu, Pooi See Lee and Guofa Cai

Progress in Materials Science, 2025, 153, 101461
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In situ carbothermal reduction of oxygen vacancies in monoclinic WO3-x film for dual-band electrochromic windows

Fengming Hou, Wei Wei, Jun Yang, Xiaoke Zhang, Zeyang Li and Ang Wei

Ceramics International, 2024, 50, 33400
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Multicolor Dynamic Radiative Modulators for Intelligent Thermal Regulation in Energy-Efficient Buildings

Shengliang Zhang, Junhua Zhou, Zekun Huang, Xianjie Xia, Zhihong Xie, Junwu Tian, Yufang Li, Mingbo Zheng, Bing Ding and Xiaogang Zhang

J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2026
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Controlled copolymerization rate of 3-(4-fluorophenyl) thiophene monomer and EDOT for tunable multicolor electrochromic materials with excellent cycling stability

Sijia Wang, Pengju Wang, Zhaodi Lu, Yuanxu Rao, Ying Zhang, Anhang Zhou, Ruihui Peng, Xuyang Zhang, Nana Liu, Bo Wang and Guohua Wu

Optical Materials, 2026, 169, 117558
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Potential Gradient‐Driven Dual‐Functional Electrochromic and Electrochemical Device Based on a Shared Electrode Design

Gang Xu, Wei Zhang, Guangjun Zhu, Huan Xia, Hanning Zhang, Qian Xie, Peng Jin, Haoyu Zhang, Chengjie Yi, Ruqian Zhang, Lingfeng Ji, Tao Shui, Nosipho Moloto, Wei She and ZhengMing Sun

Advanced Science, 2024, 11
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Ultra‐Stable Dual‐Band Electrochromic Windows Enabled by Shear‐Phase Niobium Oxide

Yuwei Liu, Sheng Cao, Yuxiang Su, Longqiang Bao, Ruifeng Liang, Yi Liang, Yubing Li, Dong Cai and Bingsuo Zou

Advanced Energy Materials, 2026, 16
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Functional dye-doped liquid crystal smart windows: From sunlight manipulation to sunlight utilization

Huimin Zhang, Shumeng Guo, Zongcheng Miao and Wenbo Shen

Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 2025, 43, e01244
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Challenges and Opportunities for Passive Thermoregulation

Na Guo, Changmin Shi, Natalie Warren, Emily A. Sprague‐Klein, Brian W. Sheldon, Hongjie Yan and Meijie Chen

Advanced Energy Materials, 2024, 14
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Porous Electrochromic Structures: A Review

Xueying Fan, Can Zhang, Shen Wang, Siqi Ma, Qianfeng Gu, Yao Li, Zhongqiu Tong, Hongbo Xu and Qichun Zhang

SmartMat, 2025, 6
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Dysfunctional T Cell Reprogramming via Cascade‐Responsive Catalytic Nanosponges‐Mediated Tumor‐Specific Antigen Capture for Remote Glioblastoma Immunotherapy

Thi My Hue Huynh, Ngoc‐Tri Tran, Yu‐Sheng Lee, Yun‐Hsuan Chang, Hoi Man Iao, Wan‐Chi Pan, Hui‐Wen Lien, Tsu‐Chin Chou, Wen‐Hsuan Chiang, Ssu‐Ju Li, You‐Yin Chen and Shang‐Hsiu Hu

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Toward Triband Electrochromism: From Energy-Saving Strategies to Smart System Integration

Wenting Wu, Jae Uk Choi and Pooi See Lee

ACS Energy Lett., 2026, 11, 1349
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The Progress and Outlook of Multivalent‐Ion‐Based Electrochromism

Bing Xu, Jingwei Chen, Ziyi Ding, Jianwei Hu, Yingxin Zhang, Haizeng Li and Huanlei Wang

Small Science, 2023, 3
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Recent advances in organic dual-band electrochromism

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Inorganic-organic composite electrochromic film and device based on interfacial proton transfer with HxWO3 proton source

Ai-Bo Jia, Weiran Zhang, Tong Yang, Chang Gu, Jiale He, Yutong Tang, Sean Xiao-An Zhang and Yu-Mo Zhang

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Design strategies for electrochromic displays

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Multi-pattern polyaniline electrochromic device by controllable three-dimensional movement of ions

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Preparation, optimization and electrochromic properties of dual-band device with four modes

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Air-gap controlled smart window for spectral and angular selective modulation of solar radiation

Jaeman Song, Kyu Jin Jeong, Gunwoo Baik, Hiki Hong and Mikyung Lim

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Recent advances in photo‐ or electro‐chromic smart windows and their thermal regulation

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Tunable pure interference colors of 2D titania liquid crystal with ultrasensitive electroresponse

Rui Gong, Siyuan Tian, Yukun Lei, Zehao Zhang, Youan Xu, Rong Lyu, Feng Wang, Hao Zhang, Ziyang Huang, Caizhen Zhu, Bilu Liu and Baofu Ding

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High-performance all-solid-state electrochromic devices driven by ultrafast H+ transfer

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Cell Reports Physical Science, 2025, 6, 102715
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Plasmonic‐based electrochromic materials and devices

Yuwei Liu, Lin Huang, Sheng Cao, Jingwei Chen, Binsuo Zou and Haizeng Li

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Preparation and Electrochromic Properties of MnO2/PPy Composite Films with Coral-like Structures

Jinhan Lou, Xiangrong Zhu, Tianhao Li, Xin Yang, Dongyun Ma, Luping Zhu and Jinmin Wang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 36942
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Unlocking dual-band electrochromism with stacked structure of amorphous tungsten oxide and Prussian blue

Zhiao Han, Meiyun Tong, Chenyang Zhang, Xianglin Guo, Yingyu Chen, Wen Chen, Haiding Zhong, Jiangbei Wan, Sixiang Cai, Yanping Ma, Changhong Wang, Shan Cong and Zhen Wang

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Dynamic radiation thermal management: Mechanism, multi-band, multimode, and application

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NSO, 2026, 5, 20250052
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