Advances and challenges for Mg3(Sb,Bi)2-based thermoelectric materials and devices

Yu Yan, Wen Zhang, Huijun Kang, Zongning Chen, Enyu Guo, Rongchun Chen and Tongmin Wang

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2026, 14, 9065
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Large improvement in thermoelectric performance of pressure-tuned Mg3Sb2

Juan Li, Shuai Zhang, Kai Han, Bing Sun and Lianzhen Cao

RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 1149
DOI: 10.1039/D1RA08930G

Understanding the influence of Bi/Sb substitution on carrier concentration in Mg3Sb2-based materials: decreasing bandgap enhances the degree of impurity ionization

Juan Li, Fei Jia, Kai Han, Bing Sun, Lianzhen Cao, Yingde Li and Shuai Zhang

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 27812
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Advances in Mg3Sb2 thermoelectric materials and devices

Jing Tang, Vaskuri C. S. Theja, Kejia Liu, Vaithinathan Karthikeyan and Yue Chen

Nanoscale, 2025, 17, 53
DOI: 10.1039/D4NR03712J

Efficient lanthanide Gd doping promoting the thermoelectric performance of Mg3Sb2-based materials

Jingdan Lei, Hexige Wuliji, Kunpeng Zhao, Tian-Ran Wei, Qing Xu, Peng Li, Pengfei Qiu and Xun Shi

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 25944
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Rational structural design and manipulation advance SnSe thermoelectrics

Xiao-Lei Shi, Wen-Yi Chen, Xinyong Tao, Jin Zou and Zhi-Gang Chen

Mater. Horiz., 2020, 7, 3065
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First-principles study of O2 and H2O adsorption on the Mg3Sb2(10−11) surface

Juan Li, Kai Han, Bing Sun, Lianzhen Cao and Shuai Zhang

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 15490
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Enhancing the thermoelectric efficiency in p-type Mg3Sb2via Mg site co-doping

Minati Tiadi, Manjusha Battabyal, P. K. Jain, Avnee Chauhan, Dillip K. Satapathy and Raghavan Gopalan

Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2021, 5, 4104
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Plastic Mg3(Sb,Bi)2-based thermoelectric compounds with enhanced texture via cold-deformation

Ziming Zhang, Zhiqiang Gao, Tingting Deng, Qingfeng Song, Lidong Chen and Shengqiang Bai

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 8893
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Tuning the carrier scattering mechanism to improve the thermoelectric performance of p-type Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5-based material by Ge doping

Lihong Huang, Jiansong Liao, Guocai Yuan, Tong Liu, Xiaobo Lei, Chao Wang and Qinyong Zhang

Materials Today Energy, 2022, 25, 100977
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Efficient rhombohedral GeTe thermoelectrics for low-grade heat recovery

Xia Qi, Rui Xiong, Baicheng Sa, Xinyue Zhang, Wen Li and Yanzhong Pei

Materials Today Physics, 2024, 45, 101466
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Anisotropic thermoelectric transport properties in polycrystalline SnSe2 *

Caiyun Li, Wenke He, Dongyang Wang and Li-Dong Zhao

Chinese Phys. B, 2021, 30, 067101
DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/abeee1

Low-cost and high-performance N-type Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5-based Thermoelectric materials for medium and low temperature applications via Zn and Se co-doping

Xin Yan, Huisong Zeng, Xueguo Liu, Xiaolan Zhang, Guocai Yuan, Tong Liu, Ruonan Min, Biyou Peng and Lihong Huang

Appl. Phys. A, 2025, 131
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Thermoelectric Properties of N-type Mg₃La_0.005Mn_xSbBi Materials Doped with La and Mn

Sung-Jae Joo, JiHui Son, JeongIn Jang, Bok-Ki Min and Bong-Seo Kim

Korean J. Met. Mater., 2024, 62, 45
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Mg-Defect Compensation to Realize High Performance at Room Temperature in Mg3Bi2-Based Thermoelectric Single Crystals

Shun Zhou, Yan-Ru Yin, Yu Tian, Xiao-Cun Liu, Qian Liu, Bo Li and Sheng-Qing Xia

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 28886
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Thermoelectric enhancement achieved by Y and La Co-doping in n-type Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.5

Yu Jiang, Marhoun Ferhat, Wenhao Fan, Shaoping Chen, Yachao Wang, Jie Chen, Rasha Abdullah Ahmed Al-Yusufi and Chaochao Dun

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 446, 136981
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Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in N‐Type Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.5 by La or Ce Doping into Mg

Fan Zhang, Chen Chen, Shan Li, Li Yin, Bo Yu, Jiehe Sui, Feng Cao, Xingjun Liu, Zhifeng Ren and Qian Zhang

Adv Elect Materials, 2020, 6
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Synergistic Optimization of the Thermoelectric Transport Properties of Mg3Sb2 through Dy/Tm Doping Combined with S Compensation Strategy

Jing-Xuan Liang, Lu Yu, Si-Tong Luo, Ling-Xi Dong, Zhi-Bo Wei, Tao Wang, Yun-Tian Jiang, Shu-Qi Zheng, Wei-Yu Song and Hong-Chao Wang

ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2025, 8, 12760
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Efficient Sc-Doped Mg3.05–xScxSbBi Thermoelectrics Near Room Temperature

Xuemin Shi, Cheng Sun, Xinyue Zhang, Zhiwei Chen, Siqi Lin, Wen Li and Yanzhong Pei

Chem. Mater., 2019, 31, 8987
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Improved Thermoelectric Properties of N-Type Mg3Sb2 through Cation-Site Doping with Gd or Ho

Jiawei Zhang, Lirong Song and Bo B. Iversen

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13, 10964
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Investigation on the decomposition behavior of AgSbTe2-based chalcogenides

Yi Wu, Pengfei Qiu, Chuanyao Sun, Xinjie Yuan, Tingting Deng and Xun Shi

Sci. China Mater., 2025, 68, 912
DOI: 10.1007/s40843-024-3152-0

Compromise between band structure and phonon scattering in efficient n-Mg3Sb2-Bi thermoelectrics

Xuemin Shi, Xinyue Zhang, Alexander Ganose, Junsoo Park, Cheng Sun, Zhiwei Chen, Siqi Lin, Wen Li, Anubhav Jain and Yanzhong Pei

Materials Today Physics, 2021, 18, 100362
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High-Performance Mg 3 Sb 2- x Bi x Thermoelectrics: Progress and Perspective

Airan Li, Chenguang Fu, Xinbing Zhao and Tiejun Zhu

Research, 2020, 2020
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Weakening the polarity of chemical bonds to improve carrier mobility for realizing high thermoelectric performance in N-typed Mg3(Sb,Bi)2

Jisheng Liang, Qi Zhou, Zhengniu Pan, Zhongwei Zhang, Fengting Mao, Shiyuan Zhao, Sijing Zhu, Jun-liang Chen, Jie Gao and Lei Miao

Materials Today Physics, 2025, 52, 101687
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Realizing ultralow thermal conductivity in Cu3SbSe4 via all-scale phonon scattering by co-constructing multiscale heterostructure and IIIB element doping

B. Wang, S. Zheng, Y. Chen, Q. Wang, Z. Li, Y. Wu, J. Li, Y. Mu, S. Xu and J. Liang

Materials Today Energy, 2021, 19, 100620
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The influence of Sb content on thermoelectric properties of Mg3(Bi,Sb)2 films

Di Luo, Guihong Song, Lingyu Zhang, Yusheng Wu and Junhua You

Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2025, 343, 125153
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Breaking the Minimum Limit of Thermal Conductivity of Mg3Sb2 Thermoelectric Mediated by Chemical Alloying Induced Lattice Instability

Jinsuo Hu, Jianbo Zhu, Xingyan Dong, Muchun Guo, Yuxin Sun, Wenjing Shi, Yuke Zhu, Hao Wu, Fengkai Guo, Yi‐Xin Zhang, Zhen‐Hua Ge, Qian Zhang, Zihang Liu, Wei Cai and Jiehe Sui

Small, 2023, 19
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301382

Enhanced Thermoelectric Performances of N-Type Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5-Based Zintl Compounds Through Energy Band Engineering by Nd and Se Co-Doping

Huijuan Wang, Hang Liu, Guocai Yuan, Runyu Wang, Xiaobo Lei, Xin Yan, Qinyong Zhang, Ruonan Min, Biyou Peng and Lihong Huang

J. Electron. Mater., 2025, 54, 4485
DOI: 10.1007/s11664-025-11900-z

Boosting room-temperature thermoelectric performance of Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5 material through breaking the contradiction between carrier concentration and carrier mobility

Feng Jiang, Xinzhi Wu, Yongbin Zhu, Chengliang Xia, Zhijia Han, Hulei Yu, Chen Chen, Tao Feng, Jun Mao, Yue Chen and Weishu Liu

Acta Materialia, 2024, 265, 119636
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119636

Revealing the temperature-driven Lifshitz transition in p-type Mg3Sb2-based thermoelectric materials

Sen Xie, Keke Liu, Chunxia Li, Fan Yan, Yujie Ouyang, Haoran Ge, Xianda Li, Xianli Su, Yong Liu, Wei Liu and Xinfeng Tang

Applied Physics Letters, 2024, 124
DOI: 10.1063/5.0199093

Ultrahigh Average ZT Realized in p-Type SnSe Crystalline Thermoelectrics through Producing Extrinsic Vacancies

Bingchao Qin, Yang Zhang, Dongyang Wang, Qian Zhao, Bingchuan Gu, Haijun Wu, Hongjun Zhang, Bangjiao Ye, Stephen J. Pennycook and Li-Dong Zhao

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2020, 142, 5901
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01726

Multiband Transport Enables Thermoelectric Enhancements in SrMg ₂Bi ₂ Compound

Yin Zhang, Yushan Deng, Kun Cheng, Bo Chen, Rui Xiong, Cuilian Wen and Wen Li

SSRN Journal, 2021
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3976106

Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of La-doped n-type Mg3SbBi Materials

Sung-Jae Joo, Ji-Hee Son, JeongIn Jang, Bok-Ki Min and Bong-Seo Kim

Korean J. Met. Mater., 2023, 61, 437
DOI: 10.3365/KJMM.2023.61.6.437

Extraordinary thermoelectric performance, thermal stability and mechanical properties of n-type Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5 through multi-dopants at interstitial site

Feng Jiang, Tao Feng, Yongbin Zhu, Zhijia Han, Rui Shu, Chen Chen, Yiwen Zhang, Chengliang Xia, Xinzhi Wu, Hulei Yu, Chengyan Liu, Yue Chen and Weishu Liu

Materials Today Physics, 2022, 27, 100835
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2022.100835

N-Type Mg 3 Sb 2- x Bi x Alloys as Promising Thermoelectric Materials

Hongjing Shang, Zhongxin Liang, Congcong Xu, Jun Mao, Hongwei Gu, Fazhu Ding and Zhifeng Ren

Research, 2020, 2020
DOI: 10.34133/2020/1219461

Realizing Cd and Ag codoping in p-type Mg3Sb2 toward high thermoelectric performance

Shijuan Xiao, Kunling Peng, Zizhen Zhou, Huan Wang, Sikang Zheng, Xu Lu, Guang Han, Guoyu Wang and Xiaoyuan Zhou

Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2023, 11, 2486
DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2021.09.012

Manipulation of hole and band for thermoelectric enhancements in SrCd2Sb2 Zintl compound

Min Jin, Liangtao Zheng, Cheng Sun, Long Jiang, Xiang Meng, Qing Chen and Wen Li

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 420, 130530
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.130530

High-performance Mg3Sb2-based thermoelectrics with reduced structural disorder and microstructure evolution

Longquan Wang, Wenhao Zhang, Song Yi Back, Naoyuki Kawamoto, Duy Hieu Nguyen and Takao Mori

Nat Commun, 2024, 15
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51120-3

Advanced Thermoelectric Design: From Materials and Structures to Devices

Xiao-Lei Shi, Jin Zou and Zhi-Gang Chen

Chem. Rev., 2020, 120, 7399
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00026

Significantly enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit of n-type Mg3Sb2-based Zintl phase compounds via co-doped of Mg and Sb site

Lu Yu, Wenhao Li, Zipei Zhang, Sitong Wei, Juan Li, Zhen Ji, Jingxuan Zhuo, Guiwu Lu, Weiyu Song and Shuqi Zheng

Materials Today Physics, 2022, 26, 100721
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2022.100721

Probing Efficient N‐Type Lanthanide Dopants for Mg3Sb2 Thermoelectrics

Jiawei Zhang, Lirong Song and Bo Brummerstedt Iversen

Advanced Science, 2020, 7
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002867

Electronic structure and transport property of p-type Mg3Sb2 from first-principles study

Juan Li, Kai Han, Bing Sun, Lianzhen Cao, Yingde Li and Shuai Zhang

Vacuum, 2022, 203, 111239
DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.111239

Mg Compensating Design in the Melting‐Sintering Method For High‐Performance Mg3(Bi, Sb)2 Thermoelectric Devices

Yali Liu, Yang Geng, Yubo Dou, Xuelian Wu, Lipeng Hu, Fusheng Liu, Weiqin Ao and Chaohua Zhang

Small, 2023, 19
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303840

Nearly isotropic transport properties in anisotropically structured n-type single-crystalline Mg3Sb2

Min Jin, Siqi Lin, Wen Li, Xinyue Zhang and Yanzhong Pei

Materials Today Physics, 2021, 21, 100508
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2021.100508

Approach to Determine the Density‐of‐States Effective Mass with Carrier Concentration‐Dependent Seebeck Coefficient

Kyu Hyoung Lee, Sang‐il Kim, Jong‐Chan Lim, Jung Young Cho, Heesun Yang and Hyun‐Sik Kim

Adv Funct Materials, 2022, 32
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202203852

Tuning the Carrier Scattering Mechanism by Rare-Earth Element Doping for High Average zT in Mg3Sb2-Based Compounds

Kejia Liu, Chen Chen, Xiaofang Li, Jucai Jia, Chengliang Xia, Jun Mao, Quan Huang, Jiehe Sui, Feng Cao, Xingjun Liu, Yue Chen and Qian Zhang

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 14, 7022
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23395

Engineering MgAg alloy segregation at grain boundary for enhanced room-temperature n-type Mg3(Sb,Bi)2-based thermoelectrics

Qing Cao, Jingyi Lyu, Minwen Yang, Minhui Yuan, Jiahao Jiang, Zehao Lin, Zhanpeng Zhao, Jing Shuai and Yanglong Hou

Sci. China Mater., 2025
DOI: 10.1007/s40843-025-3407-0

Theoretical Study on Thermoelectric Performance of N‐Type Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 Single Crystal for Cooling or Power Generation

Juan Li, Shuai Zhang, Shuqi Zheng, Kai Han, Bing Sun, Zuozhang Bi and Xinle Wang

Advcd Theory and Sims, 2022, 5
DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200049

Effects of Bi Alloying on the Thermoelectric Properties of p‐Type Mg3Sb2‐xBix Solid Solutions

Bo Zhu, Xu Lu, Jiadang Li, Wenhao Xie, Lifei Wang, Qiang Zhang, Jianfeng Fan and Yun Zheng

ChemNanoMat, 2023, 9
DOI: 10.1002/cnma.202200400

Enhanced thermoelectric performance of n-type Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.5 by rare-earth elements (Er, Tb, Tm) doping into Mg site

Guangmeng You, Yanqun Chen, Chao Wang, Yuli Yan, Guangbiao Zhang, Shengqiang Cui, Xueke Gu and Gui Yang

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2024, 1004, 175946
DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.175946

Improving thermal stability and revealing physical mechanism in n-type Mg3Sb2-Bi for practical applications

Hongjing Shang, Qi Zou, Lin Zhang, Zhongxin Liang, Shaowei Song, Bin Hong, Hongwei Gu, Zhifeng Ren and Fazhu Ding

Nano Energy, 2023, 109, 108270
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108270

Boosting the thermoelectric properties of n-type PbSe through the dual incorporation of Sb and Al

Qian Luo, Runyu Wang, Kai Lu, Hang Liu, Guocai Yuan, Juncheng Ding, Xiaobo Lei, Ruonan Min, Qinyong Zhang and Lihong Huang

Materials Today Communications, 2024, 41, 110718
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.110718

Electrical property enhancement and lattice thermal conductivity reduction of n-type Mg3Sb1.5Bi0.5-based Zintl compound by In&Se co-doping

Tong Liu, Jiansong Liao, Hang Liu, Runyu Wang, Guocai Yuan, Jing Jiang, Yi Niu, Xiaobo Lei, Lihong Huang, Chao Wang and Qinyong Zhang

Journal of Materiomics, 2023, 9, 431
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Band Engineering and Phonon Engineering Effectively Improve n-Type Mg3Sb2 Thermoelectric Material Properties

Lu Yu, Si-tong Wei, Li-jun Wang, Zi-pei Zhang, Zhen Ji, Si-tong Luo, Jing-xuan Liang, Wei-yu Song and Shu-Qi Zheng

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2023, 15, 53594
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Point defect engineering and machinability in n-type Mg3Sb2-based materials

Juan Li, Shuai Zhang, Fei Jia, Shuqi Zheng, Xiaolei Shi, Daqiang Jiang, Siyu Wang, Guiwu Lu, Liming Wu and Zhi-Gang Chen

Materials Today Physics, 2020, 15, 100269
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2020.100269

Excellent Thermoelectric and Mechanical Properties of Ce‐Doped Mg3(Sb, Bi)2‐Based Materials

Lijun Zhai, Hongxia Liu, Lizhong Su, Yafei Kuang, Fenghua Chen, Yan Zhang, Wenhao Fan and Zhigang Sun

Energy & Environ Materials, 2025, 8
DOI: 10.1002/eem2.70066

Multiband transport enables thermoelectric enhancements in the SrMg2Bi2 compound

Yin Zhang, Yushan Deng, Rui Xiong, Kun Cheng, Bo Chen, Cuilian Wen, Kaiyan Cao and Wen Li

Journal of Applied Physics, 2022, 131
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Understanding the High Thermoelectric Performance of Mg3Sb2‐Mg3Bi2 Alloys

Kazuki Imasato, Maxwell Wood, Shashwat Anand, Jimmy Jiahong Kuo and G. Jeffrey Snyder

Adv Energy and Sustain Res, 2022, 3
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Thermo‐Electro‐Magnetic Interactions and ≈1 nm Fe Interfacial Layer Realize High Average ZT in Fe/Mg3(Sb,Bi)2 Below 300 °C

Kangpeng Jin, Haonan Nie, Fengxian Gao, Jiang‐Jiang Ma, Mingfang Shu, Xi Yan, Zhen‐Hua Ge, Xiao Gao, Weiyun Zhao, Ming Liu, Yuan Yu, Jie Ma, Biao Xu and Liangwei Fu

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202418041

Enhanced thermoelectric performance in n-type Mg3.2Sb1.5Bi0.5 doping with lanthanides at the Mg site

Lu Yu, Zipei Zhang, Juan Li, Wenhao Li, Shikai Wei, Sitong Wei, Guiwu Lu, Weiyu Song and Shuqi Zheng

Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2022, 127, 108
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.02.054

Regulating Ionized Impurity Scattering to Optimize Thermoelectric Performance in Zn-Doped n-Type Mg3(Sb,Bi)2

Huanjun Su, Weili Shi, Yumeng Zhang, Ying Lin and Yani Liu

ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2025, 8, 3942
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.5c00498

Magnesium-based energy materials: Progress, challenges, and perspectives

Guang Han, Yangfan Lu, Hongxing Jia, Zhao Ding, Liang Wu, Yue Shi, Guoyu Wang, Qun Luo, Yu'an Chen, Jingfeng Wang, Guangsheng Huang, Xiaoyuan Zhou, Qian Li and Fusheng Pan

Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2023, 11, 3896
DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2023.08.009