Perovskite materials empower sensors and batteries: Environmental health monitoring and flexible wearable innovation

Abstract

Due to the excellent optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials, perovskite self-powered sensors have shown unique potential in the field of self-powered sensing, opening new avenues for the development of the Internet of Things and flexible wearable devices. This article mainly elaborates on the structure, working principle, structural evolution, and development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and explains the advantages and application scenarios of perovskite in self-powered sensors. Perovskite materials have become a key factor in the development of self-powered sensors due to their unique characteristics, and can be used in fields such as gas detection, photoelectric detection, tactile perception, etc. However, the inherent problems of perovskite materials and sensors hinder the development of sensors. The stability of materials is influenced by the environment and is easily affected by degradation reactions caused by factors such as moisture, oxygen, light, and electric fields. Sensors are prone to aging, insufficient operating power, and unstable performance. In addition, heavy metal lead is prone to harm the environment and human health; The preparation process is complex, controlling the crystal structure is difficult, and the cost is high; Interface compatibility issues arise from differences in physical and chemical properties between materials, which lead to interface stress and charge accumulation, thereby affecting overall performance. By developing new lead-free perovskite materials, optimizing preparation processes, interface modification, doping engineering, etc., we aim to solve the problems that constrain the development of perovskite self-powered sensors, promote the widespread application of perovskite self-powered sensors in biomedical detection, environmental monitoring, smart homes, and flexible wearable electronic products, and accelerate the commercialization of sensors.