Recent Progress in Pt-Based Alloy Catalysts: A Comprehensive Review on Green Synthesis and Sustainable Biomass Hydrogenation Applications

Abstract

Pt-based alloy catalysts demonstrate significant potential in biomass hydrogenation due to their unique ability to modulate electronic structures and their high catalytic activity and selectivity. This paper systematically reviews recent technological advancements in the synthesis of Pt-based alloy catalysts and their applications in the hydrogenation of biomass-derived platform molecules. Multi-scale synthesis strategies, including wet chemical methods, solvothermal processes, electrochemical deposition, and mechanical alloying, can precisely adjust the atomic arrangements on the catalyst surface, alloy compositions, and defect structures to optimize reaction pathways and minimize side reactions. Moreover, the basic principles governing alloy catalyst performance are thoroughly analyzed and discussed by giving some representative examples, as well as the causes of catalyst deactivation and regeneration methods. Finally, future directions for the development of Pt-based alloy catalysts are proposed. This review systematically integrates Pt-based alloy catalysts from synthesis to application and regeneration, providing reference value for the development of sustainable catalytic systems for value-added biomass.