Operandocharacterization of continuous flow CO2electrolyzers: current status and future prospects

Dorottya Hursán and Csaba Janáky

Chem. Commun., 2023, 59, 1395
DOI: 10.1039/D2CC06065E

Time-resolved operando insights into the tunable selectivity of Cu–Zn nanocubes during pulsed CO2 electroreduction

Antonia Herzog, Martina Rüscher, Hyo Sang Jeon, Janis Timoshenko, Clara Rettenmaier, Uta Hejral, Earl M. Davis, F. T. Haase, David Kordus, Stefanie Kühl, Wiebke Frandsen, Arno Bergmann and Beatriz Roldan Cuenya

Energy Environ. Sci., 2024, 17, 7081
DOI: 10.1039/D4EE02308K

Density functional theory calculation of two-dimensional transition metal–hexaiminotriphenylene (TM-HITP) electrocatalytic CO2 reduction

Xianshi Zeng, Luliang Liao, Meishan Wang and Hongming Wang

Catal. Sci. Technol., 2023, 13, 5351
DOI: 10.1039/D3CY00879G

Emerging techniques and scenarios of scanning electrochemical microscopy for the characterization of electrocatalytic reactions

Jinming Xu, Ran Chen, Juanxian Song, Songqin Liu, Yanfei Shen and Yuanjian Zhang

Chem. Sci., 2025, 16, 9564
DOI: 10.1039/D5SC01854D

Where is chemistry's moon? Highlights from the 1st conference for the Center of the Transformation of Chemistry (CTC) at Ringberg Castle 2023

Matthew B. Plutschack and Peter H. Seeberger

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 7443
DOI: 10.1039/D4GC90024C

Cu2O-based catalysts applied for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction: a review

Cong Liu, Rui-tang Guo, Hao-wen Zhu, Heng-fei Cui, Ming-yang Liu and Wei-guo Pan

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 31769
DOI: 10.1039/D4TA06287F

From Characterization to Discovery: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and High-Throughput Experiments for Heterogeneous Catalyst Design

Jorge Benavides-Hernández and Franck Dumeignil

ACS Catal., 2024, 14, 11749
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c06293

Enhanced CO2 electroreduction to C2+ production on asymmetric Zn-O-Cu sites via tuning of *CO intermediate adsorption

Zijian Fang, Weiwei Guo, Guixian Xie, Guoliang Mei, Yanling Zhai, Zhijun Zhu, Xiaoquan Lu and Jianguo Tang

Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy, 2024, 359, 124473
DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2024.124473

Hydrogen production via electrolysis: Operando monitoring and analyses

Begüm Yarar Kaplan, Ahmet Can Kırlıoğlu, Mohammad Alinezhadfar, Mohammed Ahmed Zabara, Naeimeh Rajabalizadeh Mojarrad, Bilal Iskandarani, Alp Yürüm, Cengiz Sinan Ozkan, Mihrimah Ozkan and Selmiye Alkan Gürsel

Chem Catalysis, 2023, 3, 100601
DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2023.100601

Construction of cu ag tandem sites in phosphate to promote C C coupling in CO2 electroreduction

Xu-Dong Xu, Bao Nie, Ye-Jun Wang, Yuan-Sheng Cheng, Delei Yu, Fang-Hui Wu and Xian-Wen Wei

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2025, 182, 115388
DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2025.115388

Atomic-scale surface restructuring of copper electrodes under CO2 electroreduction conditions

Reihaneh Amirbeigiarab, Jing Tian, Antonia Herzog, Canrong Qiu, Arno Bergmann, Beatriz Roldan Cuenya and Olaf M. Magnussen

Nat Catal, 2023, 6, 837
DOI: 10.1038/s41929-023-01009-z

Engineering tandem catalysts and reactors for promoting electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction toward multi‑carbon products

Shaojun Zhu, Tianrui Lu, Jing-Jing Lv, Jun Li, Jichang Wang, Xin Wang, Huile Jin, Zheng-Jun Wang and Shun Wang

Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 2024, 39, e00820
DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2023.e00820

Challenges and opportunities of atomic-scales reactive sites in thriving electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction

Pengliang Sun, Sailin Liu, Xiong Zheng, Guangzhi Hu, Qingran Zhang, Xinchao Liu, Guanghong Zheng and Yinguang Chen

Nano Today, 2024, 55, 102152
DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102152

Deciphering the Local Environment of Electrocatalytic Metal Sites with X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure

Nan Zhang and Jianqiang Wang

Small Structures, 2024, 5
DOI: 10.1002/sstr.202300555

CO2 and H2 Activation on Zinc‐Doped Copper Clusters

Bárbara Zamora, László Nyulászi and Tibor Höltzl

ChemPhysChem, 2024, 25
DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300409

Tailoring Materials Design for Aqueous Energy Storage and Conversion through Electrochemical Reconstruction

Wei Guo, Chaochao Dun, Jinghua Guo, Jeffrey J. Urban, Chang Yu, Qiuyu Zhang and Jieshan Qiu

Chem. Rev., 2026, 126, 4062
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5c00775

Operando Scanning Electrochemical Probe Microscopy during Electrocatalysis

Carla Santana Santos, Bright Nsolebna Jaato, Ignacio Sanjuán, Wolfgang Schuhmann and Corina Andronescu

Chem. Rev., 2023, 123, 4972
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00766

Operando Raman spectroscopy uncovers hydroxide and CO species enhance ethanol selectivity during pulsed CO2 electroreduction

Antonia Herzog, Mauricio Lopez Luna, Hyo Sang Jeon, Clara Rettenmaier, Philipp Grosse, Arno Bergmann and Beatriz Roldan Cuenya

Nat Commun, 2024, 15
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48052-3

Coupled X-ray Absorption/UV-vis Monitoring of a Prototypical Oscillating Reaction

Francesco Tavani, Federico Frateloreto, Daniele Del Giudice, Giorgio Capocasa, Marika Di Berto Mancini, Matteo Busato, Osvaldo Lanzalunga, Stefano Di Stefano and Paola D’Angelo

J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2024, 15, 7312
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01569

Investigation of the performance and stability of copper and brass nanoparticles for CO2 reduction in organic electrolytes

Ruth Witzel, Leonie Wildersinn, Enrico Tusini, Steffen Czioska, Inga Dorner, Anna Zimina, Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt and Philipp Röse

Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2025, 97, 103138
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103138

Selectivity and Active State Formation During Pulsed CO2 Electroreduction in Cation‐Modified Electrolyte

Eric Liberra, Lichen Bai, Timon Wagner, Ane Etxebarria, Leon Jacobse, Martina Rüscher, Eduardo Ortega, Janis Timoshenko, Arno Bergmann and Beatriz Roldan Cuenya

ChemElectroChem, 2026, 13
DOI: 10.1002/celc.202500459

A Route Map of Machine Learning Approaches in Heterogeneous CO2 Reduction Reaction

Diptendu Roy, Amitabha Das, Souvik Manna and Biswarup Pathak

J. Phys. Chem. C, 2023, 127, 871
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06924

Spectroscopy vs. Electrochemistry: Catalyst Layer Thickness Effects on Operando/In Situ Measurements

Justus S. Diercks, Juan Herranz, Kathrin Ebner, Nataša Diklić, Maximilian Georgi, Piyush Chauhan, Adam H. Clark, Maarten Nachtegaal, Alexander Eychmüller and Thomas J. Schmidt

Angewandte Chemie, 2023, 135
DOI: 10.1002/ange.202216633

Deciphering the Structural and Chemical Transformations of Oxide Catalysts during Oxygen Evolution Reaction Using Quick X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Machine Learning

Janis Timoshenko, Felix T. Haase, Sascha Saddeler, Martina Rüscher, Hyo Sang Jeon, Antonia Herzog, Uta Hejral, Arno Bergmann, Stephan Schulz and Beatriz Roldan Cuenya

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2023, 145, 4065
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11824

Understanding electrocatalysis at nanoscale electrodes and single atoms with operando vibrational spectroscopy

Padmanabh B. Joshi and Andrew J. Wilson

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2022, 38, 100682
DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100682

Two-dimensional information encryption and reading at the micrometer scale based on ag/Cu2O composite SERS substrates

Luzhen Li, Ruilin Liu, Naiwen Zhang, Yongqi Zhang, Yueyan Wang, Yuhan Ma, Yuchen Zhang, Qiran Xia, Peijie Wang and Lisheng Zhang

Microchemical Journal, 2026, 222, 117234
DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.117234

Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol on Zn‐Coordinated Cu Sites Formed by Atmosphere‐Induced Surface Reconstruction

Jie Du, Gong Zhang, Xiao Ma, Qingfeng Chang, Hui Gao, Chaoxi Wang, Xiaowei Du, Shuying Li, Tuo Wang, Zhi‐Jian Zhao, Peng Zhang and Jinlong Gong

Adv Funct Materials, 2024, 34
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202410339

Cu-Induced Redox Stabilization of Zn in Electrodeposited ϵ -CuZn4 during CO2 Electroreduction

Baichuan Guo, Sasawat Jamnuch, John Vinson, Bruce Ravel, Evan P. Jahrman, David Raciti and Anthony Shoji Hall

J. Electrochem. Soc., 2026, 173, 054504
DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ae4780

Machine-learning strategies for the accurate and efficient analysis of x-ray spectroscopy

Thomas Penfold, Luke Watson, Clelia Middleton, Tudur David, Sneha Verma, Thomas Pope, Julia Kaczmarek and Conor Rankine

Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol., 2024, 5, 021001
DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/ad5074

Spectroscopy vs. Electrochemistry: Catalyst Layer Thickness Effects on Operando/In Situ Measurements

Justus S. Diercks, Juan Herranz, Kathrin Ebner, Nataša Diklić, Maximilian Georgi, Piyush Chauhan, Adam H. Clark, Maarten Nachtegaal, Alexander Eychmüller and Thomas J. Schmidt

Angew Chem Int Ed, 2023, 62
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216633

Potential-Dependent Temporal Dynamics of CO Surface Concentration in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Padmanabh B. Joshi and Andrew J. Wilson

J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2023, 14, 5754
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01324

MATEO: intermolecular α-amidoalkylation theoretical enantioselectivity optimization. Online tool for selection and design of chiral catalysts and products

Paula Carracedo-Reboredo, Eider Aranzamendi, Shan He, Sonia Arrasate, Cristian R. Munteanu, Carlos Fernandez-Lozano, Nuria Sotomayor, Esther Lete and Humberto González-Díaz

J Cheminform, 2024, 16
DOI: 10.1186/s13321-024-00802-7

Recent advances in copper-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction toward multi-carbon products

Qiang Wang, Hehe Wei, Ping Liu, Zixiang Su and Xue-Qing Gong

Nano Research Energy, 2024, 3, e9120112
DOI: 10.26599/NRE.2024.9120112

Advanced X-ray absorption spectroscopy for probing dynamics in CO2 reduction reaction electrocatalysts

Beibei Sheng, Dengfeng Cao, Shuangming Chen, Nan Zhang, Jianqiang Wang and Li Song

Commun Mater, 2025, 6
DOI: 10.1038/s43246-025-00779-2

Complimentary Computational Cues for Water Electrocatalysis: A DFT and ML Perspective

Ahmed Badreldin, Othmane Bouhali and Ahmed Abdel‐Wahab

Adv Funct Materials, 2024, 34
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202312425

Recent Advances in Electrochemical CO2‐to‐Multicarbon Conversion: From Fundamentals to Industrialization

Changli Wang, Zunhang Lv, Xiao Feng, Wenxiu Yang and Bo Wang

Advanced Energy Materials, 2023, 13
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202302382

Deciphering Photoinduced Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms in Natural and Artificial Photosynthetic Systems on Multiple Temporal and Spatial Scales Using X-ray Probes

Lin X. Chen and Junko Yano

Chem. Rev., 2024, 124, 5421
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00560

Cu-based materials for electrocatalytic CO2 to alcohols: Reaction mechanism, catalyst categories, and regulation strategies

Yaru Lei, Yaxin Niu, Xiaolong Tang, Xiangtao Yu, Xiubing Huang, Xiaoqiu Lin, Honghong Yi, Shunzheng Zhao, Jiaying Jiang, Jiyue Zhang and Fengyu Gao

Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2024, 97, 593
DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2024.06.008

Bimetallic Cu‐In Catalysts for the Electroreduction of CO to C2+ Products

Floriane A. Rollier, Bianca Ligt, Marijn Cuijpers and Emiel J.M. Hensen

ChemCatChem, 2026, 18
DOI: 10.1002/cctc.70679

Neural network based analysis of multimodal bond distributions using extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectra

Nicholas Marcella, Stephen Lam, Vyacheslav S. Bryantsev, Santanu Roy and Anatoly I. Frenkel

Phys. Rev. B, 2024, 109
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.109.104201

Laboratory‐Based Time‐Resolved In Situ X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy for Tracking Transformations of Working Electrocatalysts

Martina Rüscher, Joon Baek Jang, Andrea Martini, Petrik Bischoff, Wiebke Frandsen, Janis Timoshenko and Beatriz Roldan Cuenya

Chemistry Methods, 2025, 5
DOI: 10.1002/cmtd.202500016

Impact of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Catalysis

Andrei Stefancu, Javier Aizpurua, Ivano Alessandri, Ilko Bald, Jeremy J. Baumberg, Lucas V. Besteiro, Phillip Christopher, Miguel Correa-Duarte, Bart de Nijs, Angela Demetriadou, Renee R. Frontiera, Tomohiro Fukushima, Naomi J. Halas, Prashant K. Jain, Zee Hwan Kim, Dmitry Kurouski, Holger Lange, Jian-Feng Li, Luis M. Liz-Marzán, Ivan T. Lucas, Alfred J. Meixner, Kei Murakoshi, Peter Nordlander, William J. Peveler, Raul Quesada-Cabrera, Emilie Ringe, George C. Schatz, Sebastian Schlücker, Zachary D. Schultz, Emily Xi Tan, Zhong-Qun Tian, Lingzhi Wang, Bert M. Weckhuysen, Wei Xie, Xing Yi Ling, Jinlong Zhang, Zhigang Zhao, Ru-Yu Zhou and Emiliano Cortés

ACS Nano, 2024, 18, 29337
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06192

Selective electrochemical methanation of carbon dioxide using a sulphide derived CuZn catalyst

Venkata Sai Sriram Mosali, Graeme Puxty, Michael D. Horne, Alan M. Bond and Jie Zhang

Electrochimica Acta, 2024, 475, 143628
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.143628

In situ Studies of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies: From Materials, Intermediates, and Products to Surroundings

Xing Chen, Yu-Lin Sun, Xiu-Mei Lin, Jin-Chao Dong and Jian-Feng Li

Nano-Micro Lett., 2026, 18
DOI: 10.1007/s40820-025-02014-6

Dynamic Surface Reconstruction of Amphoteric Metal (Zn, Al) Doped Cu2O for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products

Yufei Jia, Yunxuan Ding, Tao Song, Yunlong Xu, Yaqing Li, Lele Duan, Fei Li, Licheng Sun and Ke Fan

Advanced Science, 2023, 10
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303726

Tuning carbon dioxide electroreduction through selective facet exposure

Lorena Chico-Mesa, Enrique Herrero and Rosa M Arán-Ais

Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering, 2024, 43, 100997
DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2023.100997

Leveraging Limited Experimental Data with Machine Learning: Differentiating a Methyl from an Ethyl Group in the Corey–Bakshi–Shibata Reduction

Oliver Pereira, Marcel Ruth, Dennis Gerbig, Raffael C. Wende and Peter R. Schreiner

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2024, 146, 14576
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01286