Layer-by-layer assembly of homopolypeptide polyelectrolytes on asymmetric nanochannels for the detection of nickel ions

Abstract

Nickel stands out as one of the prevalent heavy metal ionic pollutants found in water. It is urgent to devise a simple, efficient, budget-friendly, highly-selective and proficient method for detecting Ni(II). This work reports an approach to design a nanofluidic diode for the ultrasensitive and label-free detection of nickel ions based on layer-by-layer assembly of polyarginine (PA) and polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) on the inner surface of asymmetric nanochannels. We can tune the adsorption/desorption characteristics of the asymmetric nanochannels for Ni²⁺ by adjusting the pH changes, i.e., the PA-γ-PGA modified nanochannels adsorb Ni²⁺ at pH 6 and desorb at pH 3 in aqueous solution. This pivotal adjustment facilitates the reusable and specific detection of nickel ions with a detection limit of 1 × 10⁻⁸ M. Moreover, the system demonstrates commendable stability and recyclability, enhancing its practical applicability. This innovative system holds promise for recognizing and detecting nickel ions in diverse environments such as water, blood, and cells. The robust performance and adaptability of our proposed system instill confidence in its potential for future applications.