Issue 6, 2024

Conjugated D–π–A photovoltaic polymers containing thieno[3,2-b]thiophene π-bridge

Abstract

The continuously emerging new alternating donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) copolymers over the past decades have recently boosted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) >19%, which mainly relies on a deep understanding of the relationship between D or A units and photovoltaic properties. Bridge units between D and A were somewhat neglected although they significantly affect the molecular packing, electronic structure, and film morphology of polymers. Compared to the commonly used bridges such as thiophene (T) and 2,2′-bithiophene (2T), the polymer with thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) as π-bridge usually exhibit linear backbones because of the directly opposite linkage and thus usually display (i) strong conjugation degree, (ii) wide absorption spectrum, (iii) large absorption coefficient, (iv) high-lying energy level, and (v) good crystallinity. In this review, we focus on the correlations between π-bridges and polymer properties including rigidity, thermodynamic stability, conformation, phase transformation, crystallinity, and device photovoltaic performance. The commonly used T and 2T bridges are discussed for comparison. This review suggests a new perspective for D–π–A polymer design to tune the polymer characteristics, understand the intrinsic limitations of PCE, evaluate the application of TT bridges in high-efficient polymers, and draw much attention to the application of TT-based copolymers in ternary blend OSCs in the near future.

Graphical abstract: Conjugated D–π–A photovoltaic polymers containing thieno[3,2-b]thiophene π-bridge

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
31 Goue. 2023
Accepted
22 Ker. 2023
First published
29 Ker. 2023

Mater. Chem. Front., 2024,8, 1563-1590

Conjugated D–π–A photovoltaic polymers containing thieno[3,2-b]thiophene π-bridge

B. Zhou, T. Dai, J. Zhou, Y. Chen, Y. Geng, P. Lei, G. Zheng, Q. Zeng and E. Zhou, Mater. Chem. Front., 2024, 8, 1563 DOI: 10.1039/D3QM00849E

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