Metal–organic frameworks towards bio-medical applications

Abstract

This mini review summarises the progress in the field of MOFs and their use in biomedical applications, from their early discovery and conception, to more recent achievements including promising in vivo applications. It looks to identify in detail the main advantages and current limitations of MOFs, with emphasis on their synthesis, stability (chemical, colloidal) and toxicity issues, as well as proposing guidelines to circumvent these challenges in the near future, in order to meet the demanding criteria of clinical stage trials.