The development of artificial porphyrinoids embedded with functional building blocks

Abstract

In this review article, we summarize the recent advances in artificial porphyrin scaffolds containing various functional building blocks as replacements for the pyrrole subunit. These functional moieties are classified into three types: (i) monomeric five/six-membered heterocycles; (ii) linear oligomeric heterocycles; and (iii) aromatic ring-fused heterocycles. The main focus of this article is to compare the influence of these functional building blocks on the photophysical and aromatic properties of the incorporated porphyrinoids. These artificial porphyrinoids are excellent candidates not only for the basic study on the aromaticity of macrocycles, but also for many potential applications such as near-infrared (NIR) dyes, magnetic materials, molecular switches and nonlinear optical materials.