Toward closed-loop hydrometallurgy: a critical review of wastewater reuse strategies for end-of-life LiFePO4 battery recycling

Jong-Won Choi, Hyun-Woo Shim, Hong-In Kim, Sookyung Kim, Duy Tho Tran and Mooki Bae

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 10423
DOI: 10.1039/D5GC02987B

Realizing the reusability of leachate for the hydrometallurgical recycling of spent lithium cobalt oxide by dynamically regulating the solubility product

Tao Hu, Taibai Li, Xuncheng Liu, Zhongjie Wang, Liang Lou, Siqi Jing, Xiaohui Yan, Yige Xiong, Junkai Xiong and Xiang Ge

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 2653
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC04166B

Timeline for establishing a circular economy for lithium-ion batteries

Jennifer M. Hartley, Sean Scott, Jake M. Yang, Paul A. Anderson, Gavin D. J. Harper, Jyoti Ahuja, Evi Petavratzi, Harikrishnan Tulsidas and Andrew P. Abbott

EES Batteries, 2025
DOI: 10.1039/D5EB00144G

Ionometallurgy: an academic exercise or promising approach?

Janine Richter and Michael Ruck

RSC Sustainability, 2024, 2, 1202
DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00013G

Direct re-lithiation strategy for spent lithium iron phosphate battery in Li-based eutectic using organic reducing agents

Tanongsak Yingnakorn, Jennifer Hartley, Jason S. Terreblanche, Chunhong Lei, Wesley M. Dose and Andrew P. Abbott

RSC Sustainability, 2023, 1, 2341
DOI: 10.1039/D3SU00237C

Targeted recovery of metals from thermoelectric generators (TEGs) using chloride brines and ultrasound

Guillaume Zante, Evangelia Daskalopoulou, Christopher E. Elgar, Rodolfo Marin Rivera, Jennifer M. Hartley, Kevin Simpson, Richard Tuley, Jeff Kettle and Andrew P. Abbott

RSC Sustainability, 2023, 1, 1025
DOI: 10.1039/D3SU00087G

Preparation of polysubstituted imidazoles using AC-SO3H/[Urea]7[ZnCl2]2as an efficient catalyst system: a novel method, and α-glucosidase inhibitor activity

Hai Truong Nguyen, Vy Anh Truong and Phuong Hoang Tran

RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 12455
DOI: 10.1039/D3RA00755C

Highly efficient lithium-ion battery cathode material recycling using deep eutectic solvent based nanofluids

Changhui Liu, Yuqi Cao, Wenjie Sun, Tianjian Zhang, Hongqu Wu, Qingyi Liu, Zhonghao Rao and Yanlong Gu

RSC Sustainability, 2023, 1, 270
DOI: 10.1039/D2SU00047D

Review of the application of ionic liquid systems in achieving green and sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

Huiying Shi, Yi Luo, Chengzhe Yin and Leming Ou

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 8100
DOI: 10.1039/D4GC01207K

Green leaching of cold filter cakes using choline chloride–maleic acid deep eutectic solvent and molecular dynamics simulation

Bahram Behnajady, Matin Najafi and Saeid Karimi

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, 26, 24407
DOI: 10.1039/D4CP01464B

A green and efficient process for the stepwise extraction of Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, and Li from hazardous waste with a novel solvent extraction system of D2EHPA-NNPA

Qiyuan Zheng, Li Zeng, Zuoying Cao, Shengxi Wu, Qinggang Li, Mingyu Wang, Wenjuan Guan and Guiqing Zhang

Green Chem., 2023, 25, 10020
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC03654E

A toolbox for improved recycling of critical metals and materials in low-carbon technologies

Guillaume Zante, Christopher E. Elgar, Jennifer M. Hartley, Rudra Mukherjee, Jeff Kettle, Louise E. Horsfall, Allan Walton, Gavin D. J. Harper and Andrew P. Abbott

RSC Sustainability, 2024, 2, 320
DOI: 10.1039/D3SU00390F

Interfacial process engineering of a co-grinding agent for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries

Jie Ren, Zhewen Zhang, Zikang Chen, Li Wan, Kaixiang Shi, Xiaoyuan Zeng, Junhao Li and Quanbing Liu

Green Chem., 2023, 25, 9795
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC02905K

An effective tandem leaching method for recovering precious metals from depleted ternary lithium-ion batteries

Haoran Yuan, Houran Wang, Yunxing Zhao, Nanhang Dong, Guanghao Chen, Shujia Wang and Denian Li

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2024, 41, 101694
DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2024.101694

Enhanced Dissolution of Metal Oxides in Hydroxylated Solvents – Towards Application in Lithium‐Ion Battery Leaching

Henrique Bastos, Nicolas Schaeffer, Jennifer M. Pringle, João A. P. Coutinho and Cristina Pozo‐Gonzalo

ChemSusChem, 2023, 16
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300455

Sustainable recovery of key metals from spent zinc-manganese batteries enabled by recyclable deep eutectic solvent

Mingqiang Cheng, Juanjian Ru, Qibo Zhang, Yixin Hua, Cunying Xu, Jian Yang, Zhipeng Zhou, Libing Tang, Wenyi Xia, Jialun Leng and Ding Wang

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 377, 134328
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.134328

Low-melting mixture solvents: extension of deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids for broadening green solvents and green chemistry

Yu Chen and Zhiwu Yu

Green Chemical Engineering, 2024, 5, 409
DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2023.11.001

Investigating the potential of deep eutectic solvents for metal recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries

M Widya Aryani, Azwar Manaf, Fathan Bahfie, Anton Sapto Handoko and Erik Prasetyo

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 2024, 1388, 012038
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1388/1/012038

Investigation of Leaching Kinetics of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Material in Oxalic Acid Solution and Production of NMC 111 Cathode Powder

Safiye Tanriverdi Terzioğlu and Sedat Ilhan

J. Sustain. Metall., 2025
DOI: 10.1007/s40831-025-01221-0

A green and efficient combination process for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries

Yi Luo, Leming Ou and Chengzhe Yin

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 396, 136552
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136552

NCM cathode recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries: A comprehensive review

Chhatar Singh Mewada and Naga Sruthi Neelam

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13, 118691
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.118691

Recovering Co3O4 from waste choline chloride/ethylene glycol electrolyte containing Co(II) ions along with solvent regeneration

Chaowu Wang and Qibo Zhang

Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 326, 124794
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.124794

Strategies for overcoming challenges in using deep eutectic solvents for the selective extraction of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries: A review

Runchang Su, Shujie Tang, Mei Zhang and Min Guo

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12, 113200
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.113200

Metal separation and recovery employing choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents: Diverse functions of water

Chaowu Wang, Xiaohui Lu, Rongrong Deng, Mengwei Guo, Mingyuan Gao, Juanjian Ru, Cunying Xu, Yixin Hua and Qibo Zhang

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 364, 132341
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132341

Separation of nickel, copper and zinc sulfate solutions from electroplating sludge leachate using a novel synergistic solvent system of DMPY and Versatic 10

Haokai Peng, Zuoying Cao, Shengxi Wu, Qinggang Li, Mingyu Wang, Xinsheng Wu, Wenjuan Guan and Guiqing Zhang

Hydrometallurgy, 2025, 238, 106567
DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106567

Deep eutectic solvents: Physico-chemical properties and their use for recovery of metal values from waste products

Pratyasha Panda and Sujata Mishra

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2023, 390, 123070
DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.123070

Selective Lithium Recovery via Stepwise Transition Metal Crystallization in a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

Jingxiu Wang, Jodie Yuwono, Yan Wang, Yanqiu Lyu, Sailin Liu, Tony Hall, Rong Zeng, Jianfeng Mao and Zaiping Guo

Advanced Science, 2025
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202514509

Unexpectedly Superhigh Toxicity of Superbase-Derived Deep Eutectic Solvents albeit High Efficiency for CO2 Capture and Conversion

Yuanyuan Cao, Yilin Li, Mingjie Sun, Yufan Xu and Li Chen

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2023, 62, 3338
DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04564

Recycling of waste lithium-ion batteries via a one-step process using a novel deep eutectic solvent

Yi Luo, Chengzhe Yin and Leming Ou

Science of The Total Environment, 2023, 902, 166095
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166095

Deep Eutectic Solvents for Batteries and Fuel Cells: Biosubstitution, Advantages, Challenges, and Future Directions

Yonchen Hariyanto, Ying Ki Ng, Zhi Zhou Siew, Chu Yong Soon, Adrian C. Fisher, Leopold Kloyer, Chen Wai Wong and Eric Wei Chiang Chan

Energy Fuels, 2023, 37, 18395
DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c02870

Enhanced Ni(II) Removal from Wastewater Using Novel Molecular Sieve-Based Composites

Zengjie Li, Yalin Lei, Li Dong, Li Yu and Cong Yin

Materials, 2024, 17, 3211
DOI: 10.3390/ma17133211

Recovery of zinc from hot-dip galvanizing slag through an ozone-assisted leaching and precipitation process with a reusable leaching system

Chaowu Wang, Chuitao Kong, Haotian Tang, Mengwei Guo and Qibo Zhang

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13, 117739
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.117739

Thermal-enhanced deep removal of multiple impurities upon pH induction towards selective regeneration of high-purity iron phosphate

Yaohui Xie, Fen Zhang, Shuyu Xiang, Guang Yang, Lin Qu, Fei Han, Liang Xu, Liming Yang and Xubiao Luo

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 515, 163476
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.163476

Efficiently leaching rare earth metal yttrium in deep eutectic solvents from waste phosphors based on a novel single-mode bottom-focused microwave reaction system

Xiaofen Li, Bo Shen, Yuntao Gao, Delü Liang, Youmei Yang, Xianqiong Xu, Cheng Xu, Minwu Xiang and Guocai Tian

Waste Management, 2025, 204, 114957
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114957

Microwave-assisted selective leaching of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries using glycine and oxalic acid

Parsa Borhani, Sina Shakibania, Alireza Mahmoudi and Fereshteh Rashchi

Environ Sci Pollut Res, 2025, 32, 4061
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35858-3

Recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries based on a green and efficient leaching system of dimethyl-β-propionic acid thiophene (DMPT)

Huiying Shi, Yi Luo, Ying Deng, Jianhao Dai, Jianfei Zhang and Leming Ou

Hydrometallurgy, 2025, 237, 106551
DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106551

Designing Low Toxic Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Green Recycle of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Cathodes

Yilin Li, Mingjie Sun, Yanbo Cao, Keying Yu, Zixuan Fan and Yuanyuan Cao

ChemSusChem, 2024, 17
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301953

Sustainable nickel recovery: Advancing bioleaching techniques for secondary sources in renewable energy and circular economy applications

Heri Septya Kusuma, Najla Anira Putri, Azizah Maulana Farahita, Hans Besian Manullang, Debora Engeline Christa Jaya, Andrew Nosakhare Amenaghawon, Handoko Darmokoesoemo and Mahfud Mahfud

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2025, 46, 102094
DOI: 10.1016/j.scp.2025.102094

Mild and efficient recovery of lithium-ion battery cathode material by deep eutectic solvents with natural and cheap components

Yu Chen, Yanlong Wang, Yue Bai, Minghui Feng, Fengyi Zhou, Yanhong Lu, Yuting Guo, Yixuan Zhang and Tiancheng Mu

Green Chemical Engineering, 2023, 4, 303
DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2022.06.005

Eco-friendly Functionalization of MWCNTs with Deep Eutectic Solvents

Jemilat Yetunde Yusuf, Hassan Soleimani, Lee Kean Chuan, Hojjatollah Soleimani, Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon, Bashiru Bolaji Balogun, Abdullahi Abbas Adam and Asmau Iyabo Balogun

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2024, 163, 112282
DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2024.112282

A review on spent Mn-containing Li-ion batteries: Recovery technologies, challenges, and future perspectives

Mengwei Guo, Bo Zhang, Mingyuan Gao, Rongrong Deng and Qibo Zhang

Journal of Environmental Management, 2024, 354, 120454
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120454

Choline chloride-lactic acid-ascorbic acid (ChCl-LA-AA) based green deep eutectic solvent for leaching LiMn2O4 cathode material of spent Li-ion batteries

Jasreen Kaur Jasmel Singh, Masud Rana, Md Ishtiaq Hossain Khan, Young Tae Jo and Jeong-Hun Park

Hydrometallurgy, 2025, 236, 106529
DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106529

Upcycling of waste lithium-cobalt-oxide from spent batteries into electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction: A strategy to turn the trash into treasure

Seyed Ariana Mirshokraee, Mohsin Muhyuddin, Riccardo Morina, Lorenzo Poggini, Enrico Berretti, Marco Bellini, Alessandro Lavacchi, Chiara Ferrara and Carlo Santoro

Journal of Power Sources, 2023, 557, 232571
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232571

Green Deep Eutectic Solvents for Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Black Powder Impurity Removal and Precious Metal Recovery

Bingyan Wang, Yongzhi Duan, Shuaiqi Gong, Yulin Min, Siqing Xia and Penghui Shi

Energy Fuels, 2025, 39, 9601
DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00677

Reshaping the future of battery waste: Deep eutectic solvents in Li-ion battery recycling

A. Kityk, V. Pavlik and M. Hnatko

Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 97, 112990
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2024.112990

Synergistic coordination-regulated separation of nickel and cobalt from spent Ni(II) and Co(II) bearing choline chloride/ethylene glycol electrolyte: theoretical and experimental investigations

Chaowu Wang, Jie Wang and Qibo Zhang

Green Chemical Engineering, 2025, 6, 398
DOI: 10.1016/j.gce.2024.09.003

Properties and perspective of using deep eutectic solvents for hydrometallurgy metal recovery

M.I. Martín, I. García-Díaz and F.A. López

Minerals Engineering, 2023, 203, 108306
DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2023.108306

Metal extraction using deep eutectic solvents for metal recovery and environmental remediation – A review

Chongqing Wang, Zhenxing Zhou, Xiuxiu Zhang, Hui Guo and Grzegorz Boczkaj

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 364, 132533
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.132533

High‐Selectivity Recycling of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using Recyclable Deep Eutectic Solvents

Yaozhi Zhang, Fang Wang, Wanxiang Zhang, Shuhang Ren, Yucui Hou and Weize Wu

ChemSusChem, 2024, 17
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301774

Sustainable upcycling of mixed spent cathodes to a high-voltage polyanionic cathode material

Guanjun Ji, Di Tang, Junxiong Wang, Zheng Liang, Haocheng Ji, Jun Ma, Zhaofeng Zhuang, Song Liu, Guangmin Zhou and Hui-Ming Cheng

Nat Commun, 2024, 15
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48181-9

Efficient recovery of all valuable metals from spent HDS catalysts: Based on roasting mechanisms for enhanced selective leaching and separation

Yixiong Chen, Xinsheng Wu, Wenjuan Guan, Shiyu Xiao, Kaiyuan Fang, Jialin Qing, Ru Xie, Shengxi Wu, Qinggang Li, Zuoying Cao, Mingyu Wang and Guiqing Zhang

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12, 113485
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2024.113485

Selective Leaching and Electrochemical Recovery of Lithium and Nickel from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Chaehyeon Lee, Jin Soo Kang and Eunhyea Chung

ACS EST Eng., 2025, 5, 2316
DOI: 10.1021/acsestengg.5c00229

Simultaneous recovery of valuable components from spent LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 and LiFePO4 batteries by ammonium sulfate roasting-leaching

Gaomiao Li, Guoquan Zhang, Jia Li, Yue Yan, Jun He and Ying Zhang

Waste Management, 2025, 206, 115051
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115051

A Review on Leaching of Spent Lithium Battery Cathode Materials Adopting Deep Eutectic Solvents

Chongyu Li, Jianjiao Jin, Zhang Yuan, Chenyun Zhang, Liangqin Wu and Chu Wang

ChemistryOpen, 2025, 14
DOI: 10.1002/open.202400258

Efficient and sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries in deep eutectic solvents enhanced by non-solvating diluent

Hangqi Yang, Shizhen Li, Zhaoyang Han, Zejun Chen, Jiasheng Tong, Juemiao Liu and Chuang Peng

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 507, 160702
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.160702

Sustainable Tandem Strategy for Recycling the Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode and Treating Waste by Cheap and Biocompatible Deep Eutectic Solvents

Yu Chen, Chong Liu, Jingru Han, Jing Wang, Di Zhao, Ziyang Zhang, Zheng Li, Mingshuai Yang, Qing Zhang, Yuting Guo and Yixuan Zhang

Energy Fuels, 2023, 37, 9402
DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c01720

Addressing the Reuse of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Li‐Ion Battery Recycling: Insights into Dissolution Mechanism, Metal Recovery, Regeneration and Decomposition

Michael Svärd, Chunyan Ma, Kerstin Forsberg and Pier Giorgio Schiavi

ChemSusChem, 2024, 17
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400410

Integrated assessment of deep eutectic solvents questions solvometallurgy as a sustainable recycling approach for lithium-ion batteries

Mengmeng Wang, Zibo Xu, Shanta Dutta, Kang Liu, Claudia Labianca, James H. Clark, Julie B. Zimmerman and Daniel C.W. Tsang

One Earth, 2023, 6, 1400
DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2023.09.002

DES-based leachates containing LCO, NMC or NCA oxides as electrolytes for 2.2 V supercapacitors

Laura González-Aguilera, José Manuel Vicent-Luna, M. Luisa Ferrer, Francisco del Monte and María C. Gutiérrez

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 506, 159839
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.159839

Innovative deep decontamination of radioactive solid surfaces using microemulsions of deep eutectic solvents in supercritical carbon dioxide

Huitao Lv, Jianzhang Gao, Jiaqi Chen, Tianyu Li, Yi Liang, Bin Hu, Fuqiu Ma, Yun Xue, Yongde Yan and Emmanuel Osei Tutu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 490, 151793
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.151793

Novel deep eutectic solvent systems for selective transition metal recovery and sustainable battery recycling

Yun-Hsien Chung, PratimaDevi Sivasubramanian and Ching-Lung Chen

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 368, 133098
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133098

A Novel Green Process for Recovery of Transition Metal Ions from Used Lithium-ion Batteries by Selective Coordination of Ethanol

Yi Luo, Chengzhe Yin and Leming Ou

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2023, 11, 11834
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c01537

A comprehensive review: Evaluating emerging green leaching technologies for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries

Huiying Shi, Jianfei Zhang and Leming Ou

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 506, 160006
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.160006

Cobalt Deposition from Ionothermally Dissolved Cobalt Oxides

Janine Richter, Tobias Pietsch and Michael Ruck

ChemSusChem, 2023, 16
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300090

Efficiency comparison of succinic acid and oxalic acid with choline chloride deep-eutectic solvent through response surface methodology

Shang-Cyuan Chen, Feng-Chih Chou, Shivani Shirke, Shou-Yuan Lin and Yuan-Chung Lin

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2025, 174, 106230
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106230

Recycling and Reutilization of Metals Aided by Deep Eutectic Solvents: from NMC Cathodes of Spent Li‐ion Batteries to Electrolytes for Supercapacitors

Boren Xu, Noel Díez, Marta Sevilla, María L. Ferrer, María C. Gutiérrez and Francisco del Monte

ChemSusChem, 2025, 18
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401128

Advances of deep eutectic solvents in lithium battery recycling field

Bingru Wang, Yaozhi Zhang, Congfei Zhu, Shuhang Ren, Yucui Hou and Weize Wu

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 362, 131836
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.131836

Potential Dissolvability of Ni, Cd, and Zn in Different Choline Chloride-Based Green Deep Eutectic Solvents on Cold Filter Cake Leaching and Molecular Dynamic Simulation

Matin Najafi, Bahram Behnajady and Saeid Karimi

J. Sustain. Metall., 2025, 11, 2606
DOI: 10.1007/s40831-025-01138-8

A comprehensive review of emerging technologies for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries

Yanio E. Milian, Nathalie Jamett, Constanza Cruz, Sebastián Herrera-León and Jaime Chacana-Olivares

Science of The Total Environment, 2024, 910, 168543
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168543

Selective Extraction of Critical Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Mengmeng Wang, Kang Liu, Zibo Xu, Shanta Dutta, Marjorie Valix, Daniel S. Alessi, Longbin Huang, Julie B. Zimmerman and Daniel C. W. Tsang

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2023, 57, 3940
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07689

Development and challenges of deep eutectic solvents for cathode recycling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries

Yuxin Fan, Yuelin Kong, Pinxian Jiang, Guohua Zhang, Jianlong Cong, Xinyue Shi, Yukun Liu, Ping Zhang, Renyuan Zhang and Yunhui Huang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 463, 142278
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.142278

Deep eutectic solvent for green recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries: A review of progress and challenges

Yunhui Hua, Grzegorz Lisak and Zuotai Zhang

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 378, 134576
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2025.134576

Efficient leaching of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries using green deep eutectic solvents: Process optimization, mechanistic analysis, and environmental impact assessment

Songming Zheng, Shuang Xu, Zhenghao Wang, Huamei Duan, Dengfu Chen, Mujun Long and Yandong Li

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 480, 144128
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144128

Efficient and green recycling of waste LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2cathodes to NiCo2O4catalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries

Qiuyan Li, Xiaoqin Wang, Daniel Q. Tan, Shilong Su, Lianfeng Duan and Junkai Wang

Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 2025, 45, e01479
DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01479

Sustainable recovery of metals from e-waste using deep eutectic solvents: Advances, challenges, and perspectives

Mengwei Guo, Rongrong Deng, Mingyuan Gao, Cunying Xu and Qibo Zhang

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2024, 47, 100913
DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2024.100913

Solvometallurgy as Alternative to Pyro- and Hydrometallurgy for Lithium, Cobalt, Nickel, and Manganese Extraction from Black Mass Processing: State of the Art

Alessandra Zanoletti, Alberto Mannu and Antonella Cornelio

Materials, 2025, 18, 2761
DOI: 10.3390/ma18122761

Sustainable and efficient deep eutectic solvents in recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries: Recent advances and perspectives

Wen-hao Gao, Chun-chen Nie, Lin Li, Shuai Yan, Wen-tao Zhou and Xiang-nan Zhu

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 464, 142735
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142735

New Progresses in Efficient, Selective, and Environmentally Friendly Recovery of Valuable Metal from e‐Waste and Industrial Catalysts

Shiqin Zheng, Shiwei Yang, Jiangyi Chen, Dong Wu, Bowen Qi, Chenyang Zhang, Wen Deng, Jinwei Li, Tao Mei, Shimin Wang and Li Wan

Advanced Sustainable Systems, 2024, 8
DOI: 10.1002/adsu.202300512

An Efficient and Precipitant-Free Approach to Selectively Recover Lithium Cobalt Oxide Made for Cathode Materials Using a Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent

Wenjun Ma, Mengshun Liu, Xu Zhang, Qinxin Zhao and Zhiyuan Liang

Energy Fuels, 2023, 37, 724
DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c03242

H2O-balance-regulated cation–anion competitive coordination for selective elements extraction from spent lithium-ion batteries

Mingqiang Cheng, Yixin Hua, Qibo Zhang, Qihao Li, Hongda Li, Ding Wang, Xianshu Wang, Yun Zhao, Juanjian Ru and Baohua Li

eScience, 2024, 4, 100275
DOI: 10.1016/j.esci.2024.100275

Selective recovery of lithium and ammonium from spent lithium-ion batteries using intercalation electrodes

Yunjai Jang, Chia-Hung Hou, Kyungjung Kwon, Jin Soo Kang and Eunhyea Chung

Chemosphere, 2023, 317, 137865
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137865

The Pitfalls of Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Samuel Meles Neguse, Songhak Yoon, Hyunjung Lim, Jueun Jang, Sungho Baek, Dennis M. Jöckel, Marc Widenmeyer, Benjamin Balke‐Grünewald and Anke Weidenkaff

Energy Tech, 2024, 12
DOI: 10.1002/ente.202301213

Cyanex 272 blended PVDF adsorption beads for cobalt and nickel separation in lithium-ion battery recycling

Chengchao Xiao, Liqing Yan and Yongsheng Chen

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2025, 13, 118135
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.118135

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Green Recycling of Wasted Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs): Progress on Pushing the Overall Efficiency

Zhongjie Wang, Shuie Li, Taibai Li, Tao Hu and Xiang Ge

Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 2022, 39, 2149
DOI: 10.1007/s42461-022-00660-7

Recent Work on the Recovery of Rare Earths Using Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents

Francisco Jose Alguacil and Jose Ignacio Robla

Minerals, 2023, 13, 1288
DOI: 10.3390/min13101288

Efficient and clean treatment of indium-bearing zinc ferrite: A new approach using a water-regulated deep eutectic solvent

Jiang Liu, Bingxue Chen, Yukun Huang, Yijun Cao, Jingbo Chen, Liqiang Wang, Yan Liu and Yangyang Fan

Separation and Purification Technology, 2024, 347, 127576
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2024.127576

Low melting mixtures from waste as leaching agents for black mass processing

Alberto Mannu, Maria Enrica Di Pietro, Chiara Carotti, Gabriele Magugliani, Eros Mossini, Elena Macerata, Sara Rozas, Santiago Aparicio and Andrea Mele

Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2025, 435, 128161
DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2025.128161

Extraction of precious metals from used lithium-ion batteries by a natural deep eutectic solvent with synergistic effects

Yi Luo, Leming Ou and Chengzhe Yin

Waste Management, 2023, 164, 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.031

Recyclable deep eutectic solvents for recycling LiCoO2 from spent lithium-ion batteries with high selectivity

Yaozhi Zhang, Fang Wang, Wanxiang Zhang, Shuhang Ren, Yucui Hou and Weize Wu

Separation and Purification Technology, 2024, 330, 125498
DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.125498