Advances in MOF/MXene composites; synthesis strategies and emerging applications in environmental remediation and energy technologies

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MXenes have emerged as complimentary materials with distinct properties; MOFs offer tunable porosity and functional diversity, while MXenes provide strong electrical conductivity and surface reactivity. Their incorporation into MOF/MXene composites has resulted in synergistic effects that improve performance across environmental and energy applications. This study focuses on recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of MOF/MXene composites, including hydrothermal, green, self-assembly, and in-situ approaches. Furthermore, the applications of MXene/MOFs in dye and pharmaceutical degradation are thoroughly discussed.Moreover, the present work also elucidate the application in hydrogen production and supercapacitor development. The structure-function linkages and material design strategies are examined, giving insight into the hybrids transcend their specific limits. Finally, key challenges and opportunities are identified to guide future research into scalable and efficient MOF/MXenebased technologies for sustainable environmental and energy systems. This work will contribute predominantly to the ongoing advancement in the MXene/MOFs hybrid design with applications in various technologies sectors including wastewater treatment, hydrogen production and supercapacitors.