Issue 16, 2021

Influence of the stoichiometry of tin-based 2D/3D perovskite active layers on solar cell performance

Abstract

2D/3D mixed tin perovskites have the advantages of high crystallinity and preferential orientation compared to pure 3D tin perovskite. However, solar cells based on 2D/3D mixed tin perovskites are still limited by low power conversion efficiency (PCE) when compared to their lead-based counterparts. It is essential to gain deeper insight into the factors that limit the performance of these solar cells in order to further improve them. In this work, we demonstrate that the starting stoichiometry of 2D/3D (PEA0.08FAxSnI3) tin perovskite films influences their crystallization and photophysical properties as well as the solar cell performance. The reference 2D/3D film (x = 0.92, where x refers to the stoichiometry of the precursors) is highly crystalline with the 3D phase preferentially oriented and a small amount of 2D phase located at the bottom of the film. The reference solar cell delivers a PCE of about 8.0%. 2D/3D films with even higher FA concentration (x > 1.0) mainly consist of poorly crystalline and randomly oriented 3D phases, with much higher trap density compared to the reference film. The corresponding solar cells therefore suffer from severe trap-assisted charge recombination, and deliver a poor PCE of <1%. FA-deficient 2D/3D films (x ≤ 0.8) form highly crystalline and oriented 3D grains, and at the same time a large quantity of 2D (n ≤ 2) phases throughout the entire film. Furthermore, the FA-deficient films contain excess SnI2. Consequently, charge transport in FA-deficient films is hindered by both the 2D phases oriented parallel to the substrate and SnI2, and the corresponding solar cells suffer from the recombination of free holes and electrons, resulting in a lower PCE than the reference devices.

Graphical abstract: Influence of the stoichiometry of tin-based 2D/3D perovskite active layers on solar cell performance

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Communication
Submitted
21 окт 2020
Accepted
29 мар 2021
First published
30 мар 2021
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021,9, 10095-10103

Influence of the stoichiometry of tin-based 2D/3D perovskite active layers on solar cell performance

S. Shao, M. Nijenhuis, J. Dong, S. Kahmann, G. H. ten Brink, G. Portale and M. A. Loi, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 10095 DOI: 10.1039/D0TA10277F

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications, without requesting further permission from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given and it is not used for commercial purposes.

To request permission to reproduce material from this article in a commercial publication, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party commercial publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements