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Self-adhesive, stretchable, anti-freezing conductive organohydrogels with fast gelation from catechol-metal ion self-catalytic system for flexible strain sensors

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MXene-based double-network organohydrogel with excellent stretchability, high toughness, anti-drying and wide sensing linearity for strain sensor

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From micropores to mechanical strength: Fabrication and characterization of edible corn starch-sodium alginate double network hydrogels with Ca2+ cross-linking

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Dramatically enhancing mechanical properties of hydrogels by drying reactive polymers at elevated temperatures to introduce strong physical and chemical crosslinks

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Stretchable, self-healable and highly conductive natural-rubber hydrogel electrolytes for supercapacitors: Advanced wearable technology

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Bacterial cellulose nanofiber-reinforced PVA conductive organohydrogel for flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity and durability

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Strong and Ultra‐tough Ionic Hydrogel Based on Hyperbranched Macro‐Cross‐linker: Influence of Topological Structure on Properties

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Highly Electrically Conductive Flexible Ionogels by Drop‐Casting Ionic Liquid/PEDOT:PSS Composite Liquids onto Hydrogel Networks

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A highly stretchable natural rubber/buckypaper/natural rubber (NR/N-BP/NR) sandwich strain sensor with ultrahigh sensitivity

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Bio-Based Hydrogel Transducer for Measuring Human Motion with Stable Adhesion and Ultrahigh Toughness

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Low-Temperature Wearable Strain Sensor Based on a Silver Nanowires/Graphene Composite with a Near-Zero Temperature Coefficient of Resistance

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A highly stretchable, sensing durability, transparent, and environmentally stable ion conducting hydrogel strain sensor built by interpenetrating Ca2+-SA and glycerol-PVA double physically cross-linked networks

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Ion–electron based poly(Amm-co-BA)@GO conductive hydrogels for wearable strain sensors

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Transparent, Self‐Adhesive, Conductive Organohydrogels with Fast Gelation from Lignin‐Based Self‐Catalytic System for Extreme Environment‐Resistant Triboelectric Nanogenerators

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A high-strength, environmentally stable, self-healable, and recyclable starch/PVA organohydrogel for strain sensor

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A sandwich‐structure, low‐temperature sensitive and recyclable liquid metal organic hydrogel for a wearable strain sensor

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Lignocellulose nanofiber-enhanced hydrogel electrolytes with lignin-Al3+ in metal-based neutral deep eutectic solvent for flexible supercapacitors

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Tough Mechanically Interlocked Transparent Interface of Hydrogels and Elastomers for Biomedical Applications

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A ionic liquid enhanced conductive hydrogel for strain sensing applications

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Cost-efficient breakthrough: Fabricating multifunctional woven hydrogels from water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol yarn

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A novel CoS/Ti3C2Tx MXene conductive filler effectively improves the pseudocapacitive performance of conductive hydrogel electrode materials for all-solid-state supercapacitors

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Green, tough, and heat-resistant: A GDL-induced strategy for starch-alginate hydrogels

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Road Narrow‐Inspired Strain Concentration to Wide‐Range‐Tunable Gauge Factor of Ionic Hydrogel Strain Sensor

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Matching combination of amorphous ionic hydrogel with elastic fabric enables integrated properties for wearable sensing

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Functionalized surfaces created by perturbation in luminescent polymer nanocomposites: Materials for forensic and security ink applications

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Cellulose Nanofibrils Enhanced, Strong, Stretchable, Freezing‐Tolerant Ionic Conductive Organohydrogel for Multi‐Functional Sensors

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Multifunctional Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposite Organohydrogel for Flexible Strain and Temperature Sensor

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Ionic Conductive Organohydrogel With Ultrastretchability, Self-Healable and Freezing-Tolerant Properties for Wearable Strain Sensor

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Gelatin-Reinforced Zwitterionic Organohydrogel with Tough, Self-Adhesive, Long-Term Moisturizing and Antifreezing Properties for Wearable Electronics

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Novel intense blue emitting Bi2Zr2O7:Ce3+ nanocomposites insertion into flexible polymer films for anti-counterfeiting, long-term storage fingerprints, and display device applications

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Preparation of Salt-Induced Ultra-Stretchable Nanocellulose Composite Hydrogel for Self-Powered Sensors

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Cationic Modified PVA Hydrogels Provide Low Friction and Excellent Mechanical Properties for Potential Cartilage and Orthopedic Applications

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Stretchable on-skin touchless screen sensor enabled by ionic hydrogel

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Highly Conductive and Mechanically Robust Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Antifreezing and Antidehydration Performances for Flexible Humidity Sensors

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Polymer, 2022, 249, 124830
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Glycerol‐modified poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene glycol) self‐healing hydrogel for artificial cartilage

Zishuo Ye, Hailin Lu, Guiquan Chai, Changlei Wu, Jian Chen and Leifeng Lv

Polymer International, 2023, 72, 27
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Self‐Powered Underwater Pressing and Position Sensing and Autonomous Object Grasping with a Porous Thermoplastic Polyurethane Film Sensor

Quanyu Wang, Yongxin Song, Pu Liu, Deyu Li, Jiahui Wang, Xianping Fu and Dongqing Li

Adv Funct Materials, 2024, 34
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Physiologically compatible MWCNT-incorporated PNCPG self-healed ionic breathable hydrogel for wearable smart strain sensor application

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Nano Today, 2025, 61, 102606
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Mussel-Inspired Self-Adhesive, Antidrying, and Antifreezing Poly(acrylic acid)/Bentonite/Polydopamine Hybrid Glycerol-Hydrogel and the Sensing Application

Lu Wu, Longwei Li, Meijie Qu, Hai Wang and Yuezhen Bin

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2020, 2, 3094
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A novel highly stretchable, freeze-resistant, and recyclable organohydrogel by waterborne polyurethane and DMSO-H2O binary solvent enhanced for multifunctional sensors

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Polymer, 2024, 290, 126489
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High-performance gelatin-based hydrogel flexible sensor for respiratory monitoring and human–machine interaction

Ruonan Liu, Yanpeng Wang, Haoxiang Chu, Yiqi Li, Yehan Li, Yunjun Zhao, Ye Tian and Zhixiu Xia

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 502, 157975
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Electrical conductivities and sensing mechanisms of low-temperature 3D printing conductive hydrogels with good sensitivity

Han Wu, Qian Zhao, Yanjiao Chang, Chang Liu, Yihao Hou, Mingzhuo Guo, Xinhua Zhao, Xiaogeng Wang, Hanqi Wang, Luyu Zhang, Yunhong Liang and Luquan Ren

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 471, 144791
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Graphene assisted ion-conductive hydrogel with super sensitivity for strain sensor

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Polymer, 2021, 215, 123340
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Annelid Skin Inspired Microstructure Strain Sensor Based on Conductive Polymer Hydrogel for Human Motion Monitoring and Gesture Recognition

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ACS Appl. Electron. Mater., 2025, 7, 6158
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Recycled Iontronic from Discarded Chewed Gum for Personalized Healthcare Monitoring and Intelligent Information Encryption

Baochang Cheng and Peiyi Wu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2021, 13, 6731
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Soft Mechanosensing via 3D Printing: A review

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Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2023, 5
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High-Strength and High-Conductivity Core-Sheath Hydrogel Long Fibers for Stretchable Ionic Strain Sensors

Hengyi Lou, Yu Wang, Hui Wu, Shengchao Ruan, Junmin Wan and Xiong Pu

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Stretchable, conductive poly(acrylamide‐co‐maleic acid)/triethylene glycol/NaCl double‐crosslinked organohydrogel with excellent antifreezing and sensing properties

Guanfei Liu, Meiling Guo, Shishan Xue, Xi Yang, Li Wang, Chuanxia Zhao, Dong Xiang, Hui Li, Jingjuan Lai, Zhenyu Li and Yuanpeng Wu

J of Applied Polymer Sci, 2022, 139
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Self‐Healable and 4D Printable Hydrogel for Stretchable Electronics

Huijun Li, Chin Boon Chng, Han Zheng, Mao See Wu, Paulo Jorge Da Silva Bartolo, H. Jerry Qi, Yu Jun Tan and Kun Zhou

Advanced Science, 2024, 11
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Optimization of rapid self-healing and self-adhesive gluten/guar gum crosslinked gel for strain sensors and electronic devices

Nattakan Jaroenthai, Natwat Srikhao, Pornnapa Kasemsiri, Manunya Okhawilai, Somnuk Theerakulpisut, Hiroshi Uyama and Prinya Chindaprasirt

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023, 253, 127401
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An anti-freezing wearable strain sensor based on nanoarchitectonics with a highly stretchable, tough, anti-fatigue and fast self-healing composite hydrogel

Yanqing Wang, Bo Pang, Rixuan Wang, Yiliang Gao, Yuetao Liu and Chuanhui Gao

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2022, 160, 107039
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Low-temperature 3D-printing conductive hydrogel based sensing materials for highly sensitive soft strain sensors

Zhiteng Duan, Yihao Hou, Yanjiao Chang, Qian Zhao, Mingzhuo Guo, Siyang Wu, Shengzhu Zhou and Yunhai Ma

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2025, 389, 116571
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Sponge‐inspired multisensory hydrogel

Kun Chen, Ruonan Liu, He Liu, Tong Lyu, Zhaoyang Wang and Ye Tian

Polymers for Advanced Techs, 2023, 34, 758
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Robust conductive organohydrogel strain sensors with wide range linear sensing, UV filtering, anti-freezing and water-retention properties

Xinle Liu, Juhua Qin, Jing Wang, Yipeng Chen, Guohao Miao, Peiyao Qi, Jin Qu, Junping Zheng and Xiaofei Liu

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2022, 632, 127823
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Self-adhesive, freezing-tolerant conductive organohydrogels with variable transparency and rapid repairing for multi-functional sensor

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Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2025, 695, 137742
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Super‐Elastic and Temperature‐Tolerant Hydrogel Electrodes for Supercapacitors via MXene Enhanced Ice‐Templating Synthesis

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Lignin nanoparticles for hydrogel-based pressure sensor

Xiao Han, Yiqi Zhang, Fangli Ran, Chenyu Li, Lin Dai, Huihu Li, Faxin Yu, Chunyang Zheng and Chuanling Si

Industrial Crops and Products, 2022, 176, 114366
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Tough lanthanide luminescent hydrogel for nitroaromatics detection

Shu Xie, Fei Li, Fengyi Liu, Quanqing Xu and Xufeng Zhang

Journal of Rare Earths, 2024, 42, 293
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Thermotropic phase-change hydrogels with precise temperature adjustability as smart curtains for building energy-saving

Dongmei Lei, Yu Li, V.H. Giang Phan, Ngoc-Thuy Huynh and Yi Li

Energy and Buildings, 2025, 347, 116355
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Transparent, Antifreezing, Ionic Conductive Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogels as Multifunctional Sensors

Caimei Zhao, Xinhu Gong, Lan Shen, Yang Wang and Chaoqun Zhang

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2022, 4, 4025
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Freezing-Tolerant, Nondrying, Stretchable, and Adhesive Organohydrogels Inspired by the DNA Double Helix Structure for a Flexible Dual-Response Sensor

Beibei Kang, Xiangrui Yan, Huicheng Tang, Zengdian Zhao and Shasha Song

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2022, 4, 1159
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Lignin-Ethylene Glycol Improved Hydrogel with Antifreezing and Antiswelling Properties As a Flexible Sensor for Underwater Motion Monitoring

Xing Gao, Yutong Wang, Jie Wu, Zhenghao Xue, Chufan Yan, Hongchao Zhang, Yanan Wang, Ying Zhang, Minghao Jiang and Yanqiang Zhao

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2024, 12, 15159
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Tough and safe integrated supercapacitor based on physically crosslinked double network gel polymer electrolyte with dual-role Co2+

Siyuan Xie, Jianwei Wang, Kui Liu, Zhongyuan Guo, Xiaohan Fang, Chenyu Wen, Yufen Xie, Gang Qin, Jia Yang and Qiang Chen

Chemical Engineering Science, 2025, 308, 121390
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Simple preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-based ionic conductive hydrogels for highly sensitive, stable and durable sensors

Chunyin Lu, Jianhui Qiu, Manxi Sun, Qifan Liu, Eiichi Sakai and Guohong Zhang

Cellulose, 2021, 28, 4253
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A transparent, self-adhesive and fully recyclable conductive PVA based hydrogel for wearable strain sensor

Weiwei Zhang, Leyu Dai, Tao Sun, Chuanxiang Qin, Jianjun Wang, Jun Sun and Lixing Dai

Polymer, 2023, 283, 126281
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Green and stable piezoresistive pressure sensor based on lignin-silver hybrid nanoparticles/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel

Xiao Han, Zilu Lv, Fangli Ran, Lin Dai, Chenyu Li and Chuanling Si

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2021, 176, 78
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Sensitive, Stretchable, and Sustainable Conductive Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite for Human Motion Detection

Yebin Lee, Hyunwoo Choi, Haoyu Zhang, Yun Wu, Dabin Lee, William S. Wong, Xiaowu Shirley Tang, Juhyun Park, Houyong Yu and Kam C. Tam

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2021, 9, 17351
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Intrinsically Freezing-Tolerant, Conductive, and Adhesive Proton Donor–Acceptor Hydrogel for Multifunctional Applications

Agniva Dutta, Prachishree Panda, Anish Das, Debabrata Ganguly, Santanu Chattopadhyay, Pallab Banerji, Debabrata Pradhan and Rajat Kumar Das

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2022, 4, 7710
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Dual-stimuli-responsive, anti-freezing, and conductive ionic hydrogels for smart wearable and outdoor UV radiation monitoring devices

Dongmei Lei, Yunchao Xiao, Yuanyuan Han, Hong Yu Yang, Man Xi, Yang Jiang and Yi Li

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2024, 366, 114978
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Anti-puncture, frigostable, and flexible hydrogel-based composites for soft armor

Qiushi Wang, Shan Wang, Meiyu Chen, Liang Wei, Jie Dong and Runjun Sun

Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2022, 21, 2915
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Construction of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogel with Multiple Cross-linking Networks for Electronic Devices at Low Temperature

Yang Wang, Wenbo Zhang, Xinhu Gong, Caimei Zhao, Yiying Liu and Chaoqun Zhang

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 2023, 9, 508
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Enhancing Multifunctionality and Performance Indicators of Resistive‐Type Strain Sensors with Advanced Conductive Hydrogels

Aiman Saeed, Syed Farrukh Alam Zaidi, Chun Gwon Park and Jung Heon Lee

Adv Materials Technologies, 2024, 9
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Near-infrared responsive quaternized chitosan-coated MoS2/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with improved mechanical and rapid antibacterial properties

Pengfei Yan, Mengya Li, Jie Liu, Lingfei Song and Keyong Tang

European Polymer Journal, 2022, 180, 111593
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Preparation and properties of cellulose nanofibers/α‐zirconium phosphate nanosheets composite polyvinyl alcohol ion‐conductive organohydrogel and its application in strain sensors

Xinle Liu, Juhua Qin, Jing Wang, Yipeng Chen, Guohao Miao, Junping Zheng and Xiaofei Liu

J of Applied Polymer Sci, 2022, 139
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Lignin-modified cellulose nanofibers hydrogel under adjustable binary solvent systems with excellent adhesion, self-healing and anti-freeze properties

Linli Qin, Yanchen Zhu, Haonan Zhang, Hao Ren and Huamin Zhai

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 279, 135559
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Self-healing hydrogel with multiple adhesion as sensors for winter sports

Yutong Yang, Hao Sun, Chenghao Shi, Yuxuan Liu, Yachong Zhu and Yongming Song

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2023, 629, 1021
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Anti-Freezing multiphase gel materials: Bioinspired design strategies and applications

Yichao Xu, Qinfeng Rong, Tianyi Zhao and Mingjie Liu

Giant, 2020, 2, 100014
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Environmentally stable, Adhesive, Self-healing, Stretchable and Transparent Gelatin based Eutectogels for Self-Powered Humidity Sensors

Lina Xu, Xiaomeng Li, Jianliang Gao, Manqing Yan and Qiyang Wang

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 280, 136105
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PVA –Bismuth zirconium oxide nanocomposites using BSA protein: Properties and their applications to WLEDs, anti-counterfeiting and forensic fields

Bhimanagouda Kalaburgi, B. Daruka Prasad, D.R. Lavanya, G.P. Darshan, B.R. Radhakrushna, M. Nasreen Taj, H.B. Premkumar and H. Nagabhushana

Chemical Physics, 2022, 563, 111656
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Antifreezing, Ionically Conductive, Transparent, and Antidrying Carboxymethyl Chitosan Self-Healing Hydrogels as Multifunctional Sensors

Xinhu Gong, Caimei Zhao, Yang Wang, Ying Luo and Chaoqun Zhang

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 2022, 8, 3633
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High-performance silver nanoparticles embedded conductive PVA hydrogel for stretchable wearable triboelectric nanogenerators

Bablesh Gupta, Saira Bano and Ranbir Singh

Journal of Power Sources, 2025, 632, 236271
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Transparent and Environmentally Adaptive Semi-interpenetrating Network Hydrogels for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Shuaiwei Yuan, Tianwen Dai, Xinyue Jiang, Huawei Zou and Pengbo Liu

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater., 2023, 5, 8406
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Robust, fatigue resistant, self-healing and antifreeze ionic conductive supramolecular hydrogels for wearable flexible sensors

Jia Yang, Qiong Kang, Bin Zhang, Xiyu Tian, Shuzheng Liu, Gang Qin and Qiang Chen

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2022, 115, 162
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Bioinspired Antiswelling Hydrogel Sensors with High Strength and Rapid Self-Recovery for Underwater Information Transmission

Shenxin Pan, Chao Chang, Gang Wu, Zidong He, Chongyin Zhang, Shuqiang Xiong, Gangsheng Tong and Xinyuan Zhu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2025, 17, 9760
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A strong, ultrastretchable, antifreezing and high sensitive strain sensor based on ionic conductive fiber reinforced organohydrogel

Di Wang, Jin Zhang, Chonghui Fan, Jian Xing, Anfang Wei, Wenzheng Xu, Quan Feng and Qufu Wei

Composites Part B: Engineering, 2022, 243, 110116
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3D Printing Assisted‐Fabrication of Low‐Temperature Strain Sensors with Large Working Range and Outstanding Stability

Shicong Niu, Shiyu He, Yu Chen, Zhihao Zhu, Xueting Chang, Chuanxiao Yang, Junfeng Li, Yingchang Jiang, Dongsheng Wang, Yanqiu Zhu and Shibin Sun

Adv Materials Technologies, 2023, 8
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Conductive and eco-friendly gluten/MXene composite organohydrogels for flexible, adhesive, and low-temperature tolerant epidermal strain sensors

Hang Xu, Xuya Jiang, Keyan Yang, Junchao Ren, Yuhan Zhai, Xiangsheng Han, Hongzhen Cai and Feng Gao

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2022, 636, 128182
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Dual-Stimuli-Responsive and Anti-Freezing Conductive Ionic Hydrogels for Smart Wearable Devices and Optical Display Devices

Dongmei Lei, Yunchao Xiao, Leihou Shao, Man Xi, Yang Jiang and Yi Li

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2023, 15, 24175
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A Strong, Ultrastretchable, Antifreezing and High Sensitive Strain Sensor Based on Ionic Conductive Fiber Reinforced Organohydrogel

Di Wang, Jin Zhang, Chonghui Fan, Jian Xing, Anfang Wei, Wenzheng Xu, Quan Feng and Qufu Wei

SSRN Journal, 2022
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Stretchable, sensitive, and environment-tolerant ionic conductive organohydrogel reinforced with cellulose nanofibers for human motion monitoring

Miao Li, Yutong Yang, Chengbin Yue, Yongming Song, Maurizio Manzo, Zhenhua Huang and Liping Cai

Cellulose, 2022, 29, 1897
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Stretchable and tough PAANa/PEDOT:PSS/PVA conductive hydrogels for flexible strain sensors

Jia-Yan Gong, Fu-Chang Sun, Yu-Chen Pan, An-Min Fei, Si-Fan Leicheng, Fei-Peng Du and Yun-Fei Zhang

Materials Today Communications, 2022, 33, 104324
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Freezing-Tolerant, Highly Sensitive Strain and Pressure Sensors Assembled from Ionic Conductive Hydrogels with Dynamic Cross-Links

Hongyan Liu, Xing Wang, Yanxia Cao, Yanyu Yang, Yatian Yang, Yafei Gao, Zhanshan Ma, Jianfeng Wang, Wanjie Wang and Decheng Wu

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12, 25334
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Strong and Ultra‐tough Ionic Hydrogel Based on Hyperbranched Macro‐Cross‐linker: Influence of Topological Structure on Properties

Yu Jiang, Dezhi Zhan, Meng Zhang, Ying Zhu, Huiqing Zhong, Yangfei Wu, Qinwen Tan, Xinhua Dong, Daohong Zhang and Nikos Hadjichristidis

Angewandte Chemie, 2023, 135
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Bioinspired Freeze‐Tolerant Soft Materials: Design, Properties, and Applications

Zhiyong Wang, Cristian Valenzuela, Jianhua Wu, Yuanhao Chen, Ling Wang and Wei Feng

Small, 2022, 18
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