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The catalytic asymmetric synthesis of CF3-containing spiro-oxindole–pyrrolidine–pyrazolone compounds through squaramide-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition

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Org. Biomol. Chem., 2019, 17, 5514
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Enantioselective synthesis of isoxazole-containing spirooxindole tetrahydroquinolines via squaramide-catalysed cascade reactions

Tong-Hao Li, Cheng Niu and Da-Ming Du

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2022, 20, 5582
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Exploration of flow reaction conditions using machine-learning for enantioselective organocatalyzed Rauhut–Currier and [3+2] annulation sequence

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Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 1259
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Total synthesis of the pseudoindoxyl class of natural products

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Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, 19, 7970
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Highly stereoselective spirocyclopropanation of various diazooxindoles with olefins catalyzed using Ru(ii)-complex

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Regioselective synthesis of 6-nitroindole derivatives from enaminones and nitroaromatic compounds via transition metal-free C–C and C–N bond formation

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Org. Biomol. Chem., 2022, 20, 1493
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Sequential organo and metal catalyzed reaction between 3-pyrrolyloxindoles and linear nitroenynes: access to cyclic aza-spirooxindoles

Subhankar Biswas, Siddhartha K. Purkayastha, Ankur K. Guha and Subhas Chandra Pan

Chem. Commun., 2023, 59, 12156
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Advances in organocatalytic asymmetric reactions of vinylindoles: powerful access to enantioenriched indole derivatives

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Org. Chem. Front., 2021, 8, 2643
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A diastereoselective strategy for dihydrophenanthrene-fused spirooxindoles via [1,2]-phospha-Brook rearrangement

Amjad Ali, Harish K. Harit, Chandana Behera and Ravi P. Singh

Chem. Commun., 2024, 60, 8904
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Synthesis of polycyclic spirooxindoles via an asymmetric catalytic one-pot stepwise Aldol/chloroetherification/aromatization procedure

Yan Jiang, Shuo-Wen Yu, Yi Yang, Ying-Le Liu, Xiao-Ying Xu, Xiao-Mei Zhang and Wei-Cheng Yuan

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2018, 16, 6647
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Highly efficient enantioselective synthesis of bispiro[benzofuran-oxindole-pyrrolidine]s through organocatalytic cycloaddition

Boyu Li, Fengyun Gao, Xing Feng, Mengmeng Sun, Yifei Guo, Dongwa Wen, Yabo Deng, Jinqi Huang, Kairong Wang and Wenjin Yan

Org. Chem. Front., 2019, 6, 1567
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Synthesis of functionalized 3,2′-pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles via domino 1,6-addition/annulation reactions of para-quinone methides and 3-chlorooxindoles

Xiaochen Tian, Yongxing Zhang, Weiwu Ren and Yang Wang

Org. Chem. Front., 2022, 9, 615
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Organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of dihydrofuran-spirooxindoles from benzylidene malononitriles and dioxindoles

Megha Balha, Buddhadeb Mondal and Subhas Chandra Pan

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2019, 17, 6557
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1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones: synthesis of multisubstituted, diverse range of heterocyclic compounds

Seema Thakur, Arunima Das and Tapas Das

New J. Chem., 2021, 45, 11420
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Divergent syntheses of spirooxindoles from oxindole-embedded four-membered synthon via cycloaddition reactions

Hongjin Shi, Liang Wang, Shuai-Shuai Li, Yongjun Liu and Lubin Xu

Org. Chem. Front., 2020, 7, 747
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Solvent-specific, DAST-mediated intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction: access to dibenzoxepine-fused spirooxindoles

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Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, 19, 1760
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Zinc-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] annulations for the construction of chiral spiro[1-indanone-γ-butyrolactones] via a C–N bond cleavage process

Jiao-Jiao Han, Cui Zhang, Guang-Jian Mei, Yuan-Zhao Hua, Shi-Kun Jia and Min-Can Wang

Org. Chem. Front., 2022, 9, 5819
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Strategies and methodologies for the construction of spiro-γ-lactams: an update

Américo J. S. Alves, Nuno G. Alves, Maria I. L. Soares and Teresa M. V. D. Pinho e Melo

Org. Chem. Front., 2021, 8, 3543
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Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective reactions of functionalized propargylic alcohols

Chenxiao Qian, Meiwen Liu, Jianwei Sun and Pengfei Li

Org. Chem. Front., 2022, 9, 1234
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Highly enantioselective one-pot sequential synthesis of valerolactones and pyrazolones bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocentres

Yan-Li Xu, Zhou-Zhou Qin, Yu-Xia Wang, Peng-Fei Zhao, Hong-Feng Li, Zhi-Hong Du and Chao-Shan Da

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, 19, 1610
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Organocatalytic enantioselective assembly of dispiro-bisoxindoles with vicinal stereocenters

Biplob Borah, Mihir Patat and L. Raju Chowhan

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2024, 22, 8365
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Synthesis of 3-substituted 2-oxindoles from secondary α-bromo-propionanilides via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization

Hui Shen, Yu Du, Jian Kan and Weiping Su

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2022, 20, 3589
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Iron(iii) chloride-promoted cyclization of α,β-alkynic tosylhydrazones with diselenides: synthesis of 4-(arylselanyl)-1H-pyrazoles

Hai-Feng Yao, Fang-Hui Li, Jian Li, Shun-Yi Wang and Shun-Jun Ji

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2020, 18, 1987
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Synthesis of spiroimidazopyridineoxindole, spiropyridopyrimidineoxindole and spiropyridodiazepineoxindole derivatives based on heterocyclic ketene aminals via a four-component reaction

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RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 16384
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Copper-catalyzed regioselective [3+2] annulation of malonate-tethered acyl oximes with isatins

Jindian Duan, Yiyang Mao, Anmei Xian, Binsen Rong, Gaochen Xu, Zhenjiang Li, Lili Zhao, Ning Zhu and Kai Guo

Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 3379
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Construction of spirooxindole-fused spiropyrazolones containing contiguous three stereogenic centres via [3 + 2] annulation utilizing a ferrocene derived bifunctional phosphine catalyst

Wenjun Luo, Bingxuan Shao, Jingyi Li, Xiao Xiao, Dingguo Song, Fei Ling and Weihui Zhong

Org. Chem. Front., 2020, 7, 1016
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Quaternary carbon construction through Piancatelli rearrangement: easy access to spirocyclopentenones

Pooja R. Solanke, Radhika Cinsani, Kiranmai Nayani, Prathama S. Mainkar and Srivari Chandrasekhar

Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, 5530
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Protecting group-directed annulations of tetra-substituted oxindole olefins and sulfur ylides: regio- and chemoselective synthesis of cyclopropane- and dihydrofuran-fused spirooxindoles

Jing-Wen Kang, Xiang Li, Fei-Yu Chen, Yuan Luo, Shu-Cang Zhang, Bin Kang, Cheng Peng, Xu Tian and Bo Han

RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 12255
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EtOH-mediated cascade C(sp3)–H alkylation via aromatization-driven [1,6]-hydride transfer: green and divergent synthesis of spirocyclic azepino[4,3,2-cd]indoles

Yao-Bin Shen, Qian-Hao Zhuang, Xiao-Lin Wang, Xiao-De An, Bin Qiu, Tiesheng Shi and Jian Xiao

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 11899
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Bifunctional oxindole-chromone 4C building block directed asymmetric synthesis of bispirocyclic hexahydroxanthones featuring five contiguous stereocenters and two side-by-side oxindoles

Xiong-Li Liu, Yi Gong, Shuang Chen, Xiong Zuo, Zhen Yao and Ying Zhou

Org. Chem. Front., 2019, 6, 1603
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Stereoselective synthesis and applications of spirocyclic oxindoles

Alexander J. Boddy and James A. Bull

Org. Chem. Front., 2021, 8, 1026
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Recent advances in the synthesis of C2-spiropseudoindoxyls

Yanling Ji, Xianghong He, Cheng Peng and Wei Huang

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2019, 17, 2850
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Diastereoselective synthesis of spiro[cyclopropane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-imines via a sequential [1 + 2] annulation reaction of indolin-2-imines with α-aryl vinylsulfonium salts

Yan Gou, Shanling Hou, Qingyi Fu, Zhi Fan and Yuming Li

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2025, 23, 7415
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Graphite oxide catalyzed one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized spirodibenzo[1,4]diazepine derivatives in aqueous ethanol medium

Rajib Sarkar, Binoyargha Dam, Lenida Kyndiah, Fillip Kumar Sarkar, Sushmita Gajurel and Amarta Kumar Pal

Green Chem., 2022, 24, 5579
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Diversified strategy for the synthesis of DNA-encoded oxindole libraries

Xuan Wang, Jiaxiang Liu, Ziqin Yan, Xiaohong Liu, Sixiu Liu, Yanrui Suo, Weiwei Lu, Jinfeng Yue, Kaixian Chen, Hualiang Jiang, Yujun Zhao, Mingyue Zheng, Dongcheng Dai and Xiaojie Lu

Chem. Sci., 2021, 12, 2841
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Base-enabled access to diastereoselective spirofuran oxindoles and γ-functionalized allenoates

Basavaraja D., Ajay Krishna M. S., Jagadeesh Krishnan, Athira C. S., Amrutha R. R., Eringathodi Suresh and Sasidhar B. Somappa

Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 1746
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Asymmetric domino 1,6-addition/annulation reaction of 3-cyano-4-alkenyl-2H-chromen-2-ones with isatin-derived MBH carbonates: enantioselective synthesis of 3,3′-cyclopentenylspirooxindoles bearing 2H-chromen-2-ones

Zhen-Hua Wang, Chuan-Wen Lei, Xia-Yan Zhang, Yong You, Jian-Qiang Zhao and Wei-Cheng Yuan

Org. Chem. Front., 2019, 6, 3342
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Stereoselective synthesis of 3,3′-spirooxindoles with higher order heterocycles

R. T. Starthring, Biplob Borah and L. Raju Chowhan

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2025, 23, 8829
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A bifunctional pyrazolone–chromone synthon directed organocatalytic double Michael cascade reaction: forging five stereocenters in structurally diverse hexahydroxanthones

Xiong-Li Liu, Xiong Zuo, Jun-Xin Wang, Shun-qin Chang, Qi-Di Wei and Ying Zhou

Org. Chem. Front., 2019, 6, 1485
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Synthesis of triazole-fused tetracyclic spirooxindole derivatives via metal-free Huisgen cycloaddition

Sandip Maiti, Nabin Parui, Joydev Halder and Jyotirmayee Dash

Chem. Commun., 2024, 60, 10009
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Transition metal-catalyzed synthesis of spirooxindoles

P. V. Saranya, Mohan Neetha, Thaipparambil Aneeja and Gopinathan Anilkumar

RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 7146
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Dinuclear zinc catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] spiroannulation for the synthesis of diverse bispirocyclic saccharines

Shuang-Hu Chen, Yu-Hang Miao, Guang-Jian Mei, Yuan-Zhao Hua, Shi-Kun Jia and Min-Can Wang

Org. Chem. Front., 2022, 9, 5010
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Advances of α-activated cyclic isothiocyanate for the enantioselective construction of spirocycles

Yang Yang, Xingyue Wang, Xinyi Ye, Baomin Wang, Xiaoze Bao and Hong Wang

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, 19, 4610
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Efficient synthesis of spirooxindole γ-lactones catalysed by new bis-benzimidazolinium NHC precursors

Shaik Farheen Banu, Mandapalli Sreeshitha, René Wilhelm and Peddiahgari Vasu Govardhana Reddy

New J. Chem., 2025, 49, 14256
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Constructing spirooxindoles from non-oxindole precursors: a one-pot nitro-reduction/double lactamization approach to spiro[indoline-3,3′-quinoline]-2,2′-diones

Raju Chouhan, Abhijit Gogoi and Sajal Kumar Das

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2024, 22, 7601
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A Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed one-pot two-step approach for spiro-oxindole dihydropyridine derivatives initiated by N-olefination of MBH carbonates

Zhen-Hui Yan, Run Lu, Cheng Peng, Jie Tang, Huaying Fang, Gu Zhan, Xiang-Hong He and Wei Huang

Org. Chem. Front., 2023, 10, 2294
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Highly enantio-selective synthesis of aza-spirocyclic indanones via rhodium catalysis

Cai-Lan Kou, Long Yang, Ling-Zhi Sun, Meng Li, Xi Luo, Hong-Bo Guo and Jian-Bo Xie

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2025, 23, 3542
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NitroketeneN,S-acetals: synergistic building blocks for the synthesis of heterocycles

Saigal Saigal, Sarfaraz Khan, Habibur Rahman, Shafiullah Shafiullah and Md. Musawwer Khan

RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 14477
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Stereocontrolled construction of six vicinal stereogenic centers on a hexahydroxanthone framework through a formal [2+1+3] annulation

Shun-Qin Chang, Xiong Zou, Yi Gong, Xue-Wen He, Xiong-Li Liu and Ying Zhou

Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 14003
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DDQ dehydrogenative Diels–Alder reaction for the synthesis of functionalized spiro[carbazole-1,3′-indolines] and spiro[carbazole-1,5′-pyrimidines]

Shao-Cong Zhan, Ren-Jie Fang, Ren-Yin Yang, Ru-Fang Zhao, Yang Wang, Jing Sun and Chao-Guo Yan

New J. Chem., 2021, 45, 15423
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Metal-free tandem reaction synthesis of spiro-cyclopropyl fused pyrazolin-5-one derivatives

Man Liu, Chen-Fei Liu, Jing Zhang, Yan-Jun Xu and Lin Dong

Org. Chem. Front., 2019, 6, 664
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Thermal-mediated catalyst-free heterolytic cleavage of 3-halooxindoles: rapid access to 3-functionalized-2-oxindoles

Xiong-Li Liu, Jing Yue, Shuang Chen, Huan-Huan Liu, Kai-Mo Yang, Ting-Ting Feng and Ying Zhou

Org. Chem. Front., 2019, 6, 256
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Enantioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling enabled by organocatalysis

Quanbin Jiang, Jie Luo and Xiaodan Zhao

Green Chem., 2024, 26, 1846
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Synthesis of six-membered spirooxindolesviaa chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction

Hui-Xuan Chen, Yaqi Zhang, Yuyang Zhang, Xuefeng He, Zhen-Wei Zhang, Hao Liang, Wenhuan He, Xiaoding Jiang, Xiangmeng Chen and Liqin Qiu

RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 37035
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Diastereoselective assembly of dispiro-cyclopentene-linked bisoxindoles via annulation involving isatylidene malononitriles and benzylamines

Issa Yavari, Mahmoud Ahmadi, Parisa Ravaghi and Ramin Mohsenzadeh

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2025, 23, 2712
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Ring opening and skeletal reconstruction of 3-vinyl benzofuranone-chromone synthons: catalyst-free access to skeletally-diverse 2-pyridone and optically active imidazoline derivatives

Wei-Na Wang, Ren-Ming Liu, Lei Zhang, Xiong-Li Liu, Yi-Feng Dai, Zhang-Biao Yu and Li-Jun Peng

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2022, 20, 2227
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Enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydrofuran spirooxindoles via domino oxa-Michael/Michael addition reaction using a bifunctional squaramide catalyst

Khyati Shukla, Khushboo, Pratibha Mahto and Vinod K. Singh

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2022, 20, 4155
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Transition-metal-free oxindole synthesis: quinone–K2CO3 catalyzed intramolecular radical cyclization

Shiyuan Wu, Qiuting Zhao, Chao Wu, Chengming Wang and Hao Lei

Org. Chem. Front., 2022, 9, 2593
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Efficient synthesis of spirooxindolyl oxazol-2(5H)-ones via palladium(ii)-catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to nitriles

Hao Song, Na Cheng, Li-Qin She, Yi Wu and Wei-Wei Liao

RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 29424
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Enantioselective formal [3+2]-cycloadditions to access spirooxindoles bearing four contiguous stereocenters through synergistic catalysis

Jun-An Xiao, Jin-Lian Li, Xiu-Liang Cheng, Kai Chen, Hai Peng, Wen-Qiang Chen, Wei Su, Yan-Min Huang and Hua Yang

Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 4456
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An update on the progress of cycloaddition reactions of 3-methyleneindolinones in the past decade: versatile approaches to spirooxindoles

Ruqaiya Saeed, Akash P. Sakla and Nagula Shankaraiah

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, 19, 7768
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Recent advances in organocatalytic asymmetric multicomponent cascade reactions for enantioselective synthesis of spirooxindoles

Yongchao Wang, Angel A. Cobo and Annaliese K. Franz

Org. Chem. Front., 2021, 8, 4315
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Direct organocatalytic asymmetric Michael reaction of fluorine hemiaminal-type nucleophile to 4-nitro-5-styrylisoxazoles

Luyao Li, Bo Zhu, Huihui Fan, Zhiyong Jiang and Junbiao Chang

Org. Chem. Front., 2020, 7, 1343
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Dinuclear zinc-catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] cyclization reaction for direct assembly of chiral α-amino-γ-butyrolactones bearing three stereocenters

Wen-Peng Yang, Shi-Kun Jia, Tian-Tian Liu, Yuan-Zhao Hua and Min-Can Wang

Org. Chem. Front., 2021, 8, 6998
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Chiral synthetic unprecedented spiro[indoline-2,3′-thiophen]-3-ones via an organocatalytic asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

Mao Zhang, Xing-Hai Fei, Gui-Ping Yang, Cheng Lin, Wen-Jie Li, Ming-Liang Rao, Meng Zhou, Chong Zhao, Bin He and Yong-Long Zhao

Org. Chem. Front., 2024, 11, 6426
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Origin of chemo- and stereoselectivity in NHC-catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular cycloadditions of hydrazone and isatin

Tingting Shen, Xinghua Wang, Ziyuan Zhou and Donghui Wei

Org. Chem. Front., 2026, 13, 379
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Enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of spiropyrazolones via an organocatalytic [1 + 2 + 3] multicomponent reaction

Yan-Ling Ji, He-Ping Li, Yue-Yan Ai, Guo Li, Xiang-Hong He, Wei Huang, Rui-Zhen Huang and Bo Han

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2019, 17, 9217
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Thermal-mediated [1,3]-hydrogen transfer as the key step: access to oxindole–chromone hybrid collection with structural diversity

Yi Gong, Sheng-Wen Xu, Xiong-Wei Liu, Zheng Li, Xiong-Li Liu, Zhen Yao and Ying Zhou

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2019, 17, 9567
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Dinuclear zinc-catalyzed asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation/cyclization of 3-aminophenols with α,α-dicyanoolefins

Hang Yan, Shi-Kun Jia, Yu-Huan Geng, Jiao-Jiao Han, Yuan-Zhao Hua and Min-Can Wang

Chem. Commun., 2021, 57, 9854
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Enantioselective synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,1′-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine] derivatives via an organocatalytic three-component cascade reaction

Luying Song, Yuhong Sun, Renbo An, Liming Wang and Ying Jin

RSC Adv., 2025, 15, 17031
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Copper-catalyzed tri- or tetrafunctionalization of alkenylboronic acids to prepare tetrahydrocarbazol-1-ones and indolo[2,3-a]carbazoles

Hong-Yan Bi, Cheng-Jing Li, Cui Wei, Cui Liang and Dong-Liang Mo

Green Chem., 2020, 22, 5815
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Diastereoselective synthesis of spiro[carbazole-3,5′-pyrimidines] and spiro[carbazole-3,1′-cyclohexanes] via four-component reaction

Shao-Cong Zhan, Ren-Jie Fang, Jing Sun and Chao-Guo Yan

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, 19, 6322
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Diastereoselective construction of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-based bispirooxindoles through a three-component [3 + 2] cycloaddition

Jiaomei Guo, Yang Zhao, Dongmei Fang, Qilin Wang and Zhanwei Bu

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2018, 16, 6025
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Efficient enantioselective synthesis of CF2H-containing dispiro[benzo[b]thiophene-oxindole-pyrrolidine]s via organocatalytic cycloaddition

Yabo Deng, Yongzhen Li, Yalan Wang, Shuo Sun, Sichao Ma, Pengfei Jia, Wenguang Li, Kairong Wang and Wenjin Yan

Org. Chem. Front., 2022, 9, 210
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Proline bulky substituents consecutively act as steric hindrances and directing groups in a Michael/Conia-ene cascade reaction under synergistic catalysis

Salil Putatunda, Juan V. Alegre-Requena, Marta Meazza, Michael Franc, Dominika Rohal'ová, Pooja Vemuri, Ivana Císařová, Raquel P. Herrera, Ramon Rios and Jan Veselý

Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 4107
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Enantioselective construction of dispirotriheterocycles featuring a 4-aminopyrazolone motif through a cascade Michael/cyclization process

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Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 10690
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A transition metal-free regioselective aza-Michael strategy for spiro-heterocycles through a formal [3 + 2]/[4 + 2] spiro-annulation of haloamines

Amol T. Savekar, Sonali M. Vitnor, Vishal B. Karande and Suresh B. Waghmode

Org. Biomol. Chem., 2025, 23, 10840
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Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition between 3-subsituted oxindoles and enals catalyzed by camphor sulfonyl hydrazine

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Asymmetric dearomatization of 2-nitrobenzofurans by organocatalyzed one-step Michael addition to access 3,3′-disubstituted oxindoles

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TCCA-mediated oxidative rearrangement of tetrahydro-β-carbolines: facile access to spirooxindoles and the total synthesis of (±)-coerulescine and (±)-horsfiline

Manda Sathish, Akash P. Sakla, Fabiane M. Nachtigall, Leonardo S. Santos and Nagula Shankaraiah

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