A comprehensive review on advanced supercapacitors based on transition metal tellurides: from material engineering to device fabrication

Abstract

Transition Metal tellurides (TMTes) have garnered significant interest in recent years due to their unique properties, including high electrical conductivity, abundant redox-active sites and excellent chemical stability. These attributes make them attractive candidates for energy storage applications, particularly in supercapacitors, where high power density and long-term cycling stability are essential. Even though TMTes have demonstrated excellent energy storage capabilities, further optimization of electrode materials and devices is essential to attain competitive electrochemical performance. In this review, we provided a detailed overview of the synthesis methods employed to fabricate TMTes-based electrodes, highlighting key parameters that influence material morphology, composition and electrochemical performance. We systematically compared the electrochemical properties of various TMTes, including their specific capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability. Furthermore, we have discussed the mechanisms governing the charge storage behavior of TMTes, elucidating their redox processes and ion transport kinetics within the electrode–electrolyte interface. We also provided a valuable insight into the design and optimization of TMTes-based supercapacitors for practical applications. The review embarks on the scrupulous elaboration of ways to enhance the electrochemical properties of TMTes through various innovative strategies followed by critical challenges and future perspectives. TMTes as an eminent electrode material holds great potential to revolutionize the energy landscape and support the growing energy demands of the future.