Rational design of biomass-derived electrocatalysts towards hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions: synthetic strategy for multiple components and the corresponding properties

Abstract

H2 produced by water electrolysis is a promising approach to substitute traditional energy, and the electrode used in this catalytic systems occupy the dominant role. Up to now, plenty of studies have screened variable biomass as precursors to synthesize renewable electrocatalysts with practical values, but the periodic conclusions in this field are unfortunately absent. For this reason, recent advances in the biomass-derived materials towards HER/OER processes are summarized, and specific concentrations are put into the design of carbonaceous structures from multiple components, the incorporation of supports with single or several metals as well as the available methods of modification via defect engineering. Subsequently, the overall efficiency of water electrolysis on a biomass-derived electrolyzer is fully discussed, along with the upgraded strategy that is relevant to the so-called electrosynthesis of chemicals paired with H2 production. Last, but certainly not least, are the existing challenges and key aspects that need to be properly solved in near future for the development of these electrocatalysts originated from biomass. It can be excepted that this review will not only contribute to the in-depth knowledge of rational synthesis of biomass-derived materials as electrode, but also bring new opportunities for the valorization of biomass resource in electrochemical applications.