Issue 1, 2024

Water recycling public toilets based on onsite electrochemical wastewater treatment

Abstract

The long-term performance of an anaerobic bioreactor combined with electrochemical oxidation and integrated into a self-contained public bathroom under daily use was investigated over 14 months in Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India). With varying daily number of users and across all seasons, the electrochemical treatment of the bioreactor effluent consistently generated a highly chlorinated (>400 mg Cl2 per L) and clear effluent that was negative to a fecal coliform assay. During 8 months of testing under water recycling conditions, the treatment maintained its performance for disinfection, as well as solid and nitrogen removal, due to breakpoint chlorination; however, the COD removal capacity of the system was slightly reduced. The strongly oxidizing condition of this electrochemical based disinfection raised the concern of generation of toxic disinfection byproducts (DPBs). This study also examined the formation of chloroform and haloacetic acid DBPs under non-recycling and recycling conditions.

Graphical abstract: Water recycling public toilets based on onsite electrochemical wastewater treatment

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
21 iyn 2023
Accepted
01 sen 2023
First published
13 noy 2023
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2024,10, 157-167

Water recycling public toilets based on onsite electrochemical wastewater treatment

P. Subramani, M. Basil, P. Rosario, D. R. Jalaja, V. Choudhary, J. Renganathan, L. Philip, K. Cho, C. Welling, S. Grego and C. Cid, Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2024, 10, 157 DOI: 10.1039/D3EW00454F

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