Issue 31, 2023

Efficient second- and higher-order harmonic generation from LiNbO3 metasurfaces

Abstract

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a material that has drawn great interest in nonlinear optics because of its large nonlinear susceptibility and wide transparency window. However, for complex nonlinear processes such as high-harmonic generation (HHG), which involves frequency conversion over a wide frequency range, it can be extremely challenging for a bulk LiNbO3 crystal to fulfill the phase-matching conditions. LiNbO3 metasurfaces with resonantly enhanced nonlinear light–matter interaction at the nanoscale may circumvent such an issue. Here, we experimentally demonstrate efficient second-harmonic generation (SHG) and HHG from a LiNbO3 metasurface enhanced by guided-mode resonance. We observe a high normalized SHG efficiency of 5.1 × 10−5 cm2 GW−1. Moreover, with the alleviated above-gap absorption of the material, we demonstrate HHG up to the 7th order with the shortest generated wavelength of 226 nm. This work may provide a pathway towards compact coherent white-light sources with frequency spanning into the deep ultraviolet region for applications in spectroscopy and imaging.

Graphical abstract: Efficient second- and higher-order harmonic generation from LiNbO3 metasurfaces

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
26 may 2023
Accepted
09 iyl 2023
First published
10 iyl 2023

Nanoscale, 2023,15, 12926-12932

Efficient second- and higher-order harmonic generation from LiNbO3 metasurfaces

Y. Zhao, Z. Chen, C. Wang, Y. Yang and H. Sun, Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 12926 DOI: 10.1039/D3NR02430J

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