Issue 29, 2022

Reaction dynamics studied via femtosecond X-ray liquidography at X-ray free-electron lasers

Abstract

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide femtosecond X-ray pulses suitable for pump–probe time-resolved studies with a femtosecond time resolution. Since the advent of the first XFEL in 2009, recent years have witnessed a great number of applications with various pump–probe techniques at XFELs. Among these, time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL) is a powerful method for visualizing structural dynamics in the liquid solution phase. Here, we classify various chemical and biological molecular systems studied via femtosecond TRXL (fs-TRXL) at XFELs, depending on the focus of the studied process, into (i) bond cleavage and formation, (ii) charge distribution and electron transfer, (iii) orientational dynamics, (iv) solvation dynamics, (v) coherent nuclear wavepacket dynamics, and (vi) protein structural dynamics, and provide a brief review on each category. We also lay out a plausible roadmap for future fs-TRXL studies for areas that have not been explored yet.

Graphical abstract: Reaction dynamics studied via femtosecond X-ray liquidography at X-ray free-electron lasers

Article information

Article type
Review Article
Submitted
25 yan 2022
Accepted
06 iyn 2022
First published
06 iyn 2022
This article is Open Access

All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Creative Commons BY-NC license

Chem. Sci., 2022,13, 8457-8490

Reaction dynamics studied via femtosecond X-ray liquidography at X-ray free-electron lasers

E. H. Choi, Y. Lee, J. Heo and H. Ihee, Chem. Sci., 2022, 13, 8457 DOI: 10.1039/D2SC00502F

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