Issue 33, 2021

Balancing crystallization rate in a mixed Sn–Pb perovskite film for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells of more than 20% efficiency

Abstract

In the journey to obtain well-crystallized mixed tin (Sn)–lead (Pb) iodide perovskite films for solar cell application, great difficulties have been presented due to very different crystallization rates between Sn- and Pb-based perovskite components. Herein, we report a new strategy to grow highly crystallized Sn–Pb perovskite (FA0.7MA0.3Sn0.5Pb0.5I3) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). An iso-pentylammonium tetrafluoroborate ([PNA]BF4) ionic salt layer is introduced on top of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly-(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to function as anchoring agent to bond Pb2+ to the surface of PEDOT:PSS, which can facilitate a quick crystallization of Pb-containing perovskite components and homogeneously distribute Sn/Pb elements inside the perovskite film in a vertical direction, uncovered by focused ion beam time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Additionally, greatly reduced surface residual stress was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Lastly, these ionic salt molecules are able to encapsulate the acidic and hygroscopic surface of PEDOT:PSS to further ensure device stability. As a result, our strategies enabled a champion PCE of 20.11% for mixed Sn–Pb PSCs with improved thermal stability at 85 °C over 240 hours and shelf storage stability over 1200 hours. This work provides a new strategy to regulate the crystallization process of mixed Sn–Pb perovskites for both high performance and stability.

Graphical abstract: Balancing crystallization rate in a mixed Sn–Pb perovskite film for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells of more than 20% efficiency

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
10 iyn 2021
Accepted
21 iyl 2021
First published
22 iyl 2021

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021,9, 17830-17840

Balancing crystallization rate in a mixed Sn–Pb perovskite film for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells of more than 20% efficiency

Z. Zhang, J. Liang, Y. Zheng, X. Wu, J. Wang, Y. Huang, Y. Yang, Z. Zhou, L. Wang, L. Kong, K. M. Reddy, C. Qin and C. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 17830 DOI: 10.1039/D1TA04922D

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