Investigation of novel nanomaterial for the removal of toxic substances from contaminated water

Abstract

Ligand-functionalized nanomaterials exhibit great potential for the removal of hazardous substances from the environment and industrial wastewater. In this work, a composite nanosphere material was fabricated using mesoporous silica and organic ligand, and employed for the efficient detection and subsequent removal of toxic sulfanilamide (SNA) from waste samples. The organic ligand 2-naphthol was successfully conjugated onto the mesoporous nanospheres, which then captured SNA under suitable conditions. A naked-eye color change was observed even when a trace amount of SNA interacted with the material, which is the most promising advantage of the fabricated material. A low limit of detection and quantification limit were also determined, and the new nanosphere material revealed the ultra-trace detection performance of 0.27 μg L⁻¹ of SNA in aqueous media. The effect of solution pH, competing ions, color optimization and initial concentration of SNA on the nanosphere material was investigated under the optimum conditions. The nanosphere material exhibited rapid adsorption properties, and its maximum adsorption capability approached 79.20 mg g⁻¹. Several compounds were examined as common interfering substances including vanillin, glucose, lactose, starch and sucrose, which did not adversely interfere in both the detection and adsorption systems using the proposed nanosphere material. The data emphasized that the proposed material is highly suitable for the capture of SNA from contaminated water based on its selectivity, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly approach. The results also indicate that this nanosphere material will attract attention from researchers for the efficient and selective capture of the toxic SNA.