Issue 45, 2018

Defect formation in In2O3 and SnO2: a new atomistic approach based on accurate lattice energies

Abstract

We present a consistent interatomic force field for indium sesquioxide (In2O3) and tin dioxide (SnO2) that has been derived to reproduce lattice energies and, consequently, the oxygen vacancy formation energies in the respective binary compounds. The new model predicts the dominance of Frenkel-type disorder in SnO2 and In2O3, in good agreement with ab initio defect calculations. The model is extended to include free electron and hole polarons, which compete with charged point defects to maintain charge neutrality in a defective crystal. The stability of electrons and instability of holes with respect to point defect formation rationalises the efficacy of n-type doping in tin doped indium oxide (ITO), a widely employed transparent conducting oxide in optoelectronic applications. We investigate the clustering of Sn substitutional and oxygen interstitial sites in ITO, finding that the dopants substitute preferentially on the cation crystallographic d site in the bixbyite unit cell, in agreement with experiment. The force field described here provides a useful avenue for the investigation of the defect properties of extended transparent conducting oxide systems, including solid solutions.

Graphical abstract: Defect formation in In2O3 and SnO2: a new atomistic approach based on accurate lattice energies

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
20 sen 2018
Accepted
15 okt 2018
First published
22 okt 2018
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

J. Mater. Chem. C, 2018,6, 12386-12395

Defect formation in In2O3 and SnO2: a new atomistic approach based on accurate lattice energies

Q. Hou, J. Buckeridge, T. Lazauskas, D. Mora-Fonz, A. A. Sokol, S. M. Woodley and C. R. A. Catlow, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2018, 6, 12386 DOI: 10.1039/C8TC04760J

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