Revisiting the biophysical aspects of extracellular-matrix-mimicking hydrogels: what cells see vs. what cells feel

Jingchao Sui, Sarah Pragnere and Nicholas A. Kurniawan

Biomater. Sci., 2025, 13, 5297
DOI: 10.1039/D5BM00210A

A 4D printed nanoengineered super bioactive hydrogel scaffold with programmable deformation for potential bifurcated vascular channel construction

Amit Nain, Akshat Joshi, Souvik Debnath, Saswat Choudhury, Jobin Thomas, Jitendra Satija, Chih-Ching Huang and Kaushik Chatterjee

J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, 12, 7604
DOI: 10.1039/D4TB00498A

An overview of recent advancements in 4D printing of alginate hydrogels for tissue regeneration

Yehang Liu and Aixiang Ding

Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2025, 36, 2786
DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2025.2509031

Advancements in sustainable bioprinting: Materials, challenges and opportunities in transition from 3D to 4D printing

Rotan Kumar Saha, Mahedi Hassan, Md. Ripon Ali, Md. Mominul Islam and Apurbo Das

Biomedical Engineering Advances, 2026, 11, 100216
DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2026.100216

Prestress-induced 3D assembly of soft material with programmable shape

Jiayu Tian, Chenzhe Li, Guohua Nie, Xingwei Zhao and Ying Zhao

European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, 2025, 111, 105530
DOI: 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2024.105530

Sonication Induced Self‐Folding Hydrogels Based on SilMA‐GelMA Composites for Cell‐Laden Tissue Engineering Constructs

Wenqian Xiao, Lu Wang, Jingzhi Yao, Hang Zhou, Qisong Hu, Hao Zhang, Zichen Xu, Bo Li and Xiaoling Liao

Macromolecular Bioscience, 2026, 26
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202500420

4D biofabrication of functionally gradient hydrogels: A pathway to morphogenetic tissue engineering

Jian Zhang, Guodong Wu and Aixiang Ding

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 522, 167810
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.167810

Trends in 4D Printed Shape Memory Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications

Deepak Kumar, Rishabha Malviya, Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar, Tarun Wadhwa, Sirajunisa Talath and Javedh Shareef

CPD, 2025, 31, 3285
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4D printing polymeric biomaterials for adaptive tissue regeneration

Zhe Wang, Duo Ma, Juan Liu, Shi Xu, Fang Qiu, Liqiu Hu, Yueming Liu, Changneng Ke and Changshun Ruan

Bioactive Materials, 2025, 48, 370
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.01.033

Shape-Programmable Chitosan Films as Soft Microrobots toward the Development of Chemo-Mechanical Sensors

Kailas Mahipal Malappuram, Aritra Chatterjee, Srishti Chakraborty, Souvik Debnath, Kaushik Chatterjee and Amit Nain

Langmuir, 2025, 41, 15084
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c01375

Enhancing wound healing with nanoparticle-infused hydrogels: a review of current applications and future prospects

Tharani Munusamy and Rajeshkumar Shanmugam

Discov Biotechnol, 2025, 2
DOI: 10.1007/s44340-025-00030-1

Mechanically adaptive hydrogels for bone tissue engineering: from classification and biomechanics to modeling and translational applications

Ioana-Cristina Băncilă

Front. Med. Eng., 2025, 3
DOI: 10.3389/fmede.2025.1703555

Advancements in Hydrogels: A Comprehensive Review of Natural and Synthetic Innovations for Biomedical Applications

Adina-Elena Segneanu, Ludovic Everard Bejenaru, Cornelia Bejenaru, Antonia Blendea, George Dan Mogoşanu, Andrei Biţă and Eugen Radu Boia

Polymers, 2025, 17, 2026
DOI: 10.3390/polym17152026

Development from 4D bioprinting to 5D bioprinting: Advancements in tissue engineering and biomedical applications

Shivam Rajput, Rishabha Malviya, Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar, Tarun Wadhwa and Javedh Shareef

Additive Manufacturing Frontiers, 2026, 5, 200284
DOI: 10.1016/j.amf.2025.200284

Gradient Hydrogels: Fabrication Strategies and Biomedical Applications

Nikita G. Yabbarov, Ivan V. Romashkin, Vasilina A. Zakharova, Darya N. Zinovieva, Mariia R. Mollaeva, Maria B. Sokol, Margarita V. Chirkina, Ivan A. Gulyaev, Maksim A. Klimenko and Elena D. Nikolskaya

Biochemistry Moscow, 2026, 91, S251
DOI: 10.1134/S0006297925604137

Shape-morphing photo-crosslinked alginate hydrogels via digital light processing 4D printing

Michel Habib, Ariella Liberati, Naomi Nieswic, Jade Berthelot, Hichem Seriket, Frédéric Demoly, Audrey Tourrette, Tahmer Sharkawi and Sebastien Blanquer

Applied Materials Today, 2026, 48, 103064
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2025.103064

Pioneering 3D and 4D Bioprinting Strategies for Advanced Wound Management: From Design to Healing

Amit K. Yadav, Damini Verma, Shreya Thakkar, Yukta Rana, Juni Banerjee, Dhiraj Bhatia and Shuvomoy Banerjee

Small, 2025, 21
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202506259

Genetically engineered 3D printed functionally graded-lignin, starch, and cellulose-derived sustainable biopolymers and composites: A critical review

Aarthi S, Raja Subramani, Maher Ali Rusho, Shubham Sharma, T. Ramachandran, Abinash Mahapatro and A.I. Ismail

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 321, 145843
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145843

From Stents to Smart Implants Employing Biomimetic Materials: The Impact of 4D Printing on Modern Healthcare

Antreas Kantaros, Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu and Theodore Ganetsos

Biomimetics, 2025, 10, 125
DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10020125

Stimuli-responsive hybrid materials for 4D in vitro tissue models

Uxue Aizarna-Lopetegui, Sophia C. Bittinger, Noa Álvarez, Malou Henriksen-Lacey and Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi

Materials Today Bio, 2025, 33, 102035
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102035

The rise of 4D printing Technology: 2D MXenes for different applications

Iftikhar Hussain, Karanpal Singh, B. Kalidasan, Mubasher Ali, Ke-Juan Meng, Muhammad Kashif Aslam, Sabarison Pandiyarajan, Sajjad Hussain, P. Rosaiah, Saood Ali, Ho-Chiao Chuang and Kaili Zhang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 508, 160856
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.160856

Hydrogels for the treatment of spinal cord injury: progress and promise

Zoe Giorgi, Valeria Veneruso, Emilia Petillo, Enrico Frigerio, Pietro Veglianese, Giuseppe Perale and Filippo Rossi

Nanomedicine, 2026, 1
DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2026.2672135

pH-responsive polymer hydrogel nanocomposites for sensor applications: A review

Chandra Sekhar Espenti, Maheshwar Reddy Mettu, Surendra T.V., Srinivas Boora, Madhusudana Rao Kummara, Krishna Rao K.S.V., Laxminarayana Eppakayala and Mallikarjun Anna

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2025, 393, 116853
DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116853

Smart alginate-based biomaterials for neurodegenerative disease therapy: Innovations in delivery, regeneration, and clinical translation

Mostafa M. El-Sheekh, Nada E. Ramadan, Farah M. Elshikh, Fatma R.Youssef, Jehan W. Salem, Mona T. Sharaf, Slwan H. Elmor and Sameh Samir Ali

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2026, 348, 150688
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.150688