Design of functional binders for high-specific-energy lithium-ion batteries: from molecular structure to electrode properties

Tian Qin, Haoyi Yang, Quan Li, Xiqian Yu and Hong Li

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Dual-precursor coating strategy for one-step upgrade of LiFePO4 to LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 cathodes with atomic-level Mn/Fe uniformity and enhanced electrochemical performance

Ruocen Yao, Huanhuan Zhang, Kang Hui Lim, Claudia Li, Hao Tang, Krongthong Kamonsuangkasem, Long Tan, Jaka Sunarso, Sibudjing Kawi and Guoqiang Song

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2026, 14, 7640
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Formulation principles and synergistic effects of high-voltage electrolytes

Zewei Wei, Du Yuan, Xuedi Yuan, Yalin Zhang, Jianmin Ma, Suojiang Zhang and Haitao Zhang

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2025, 54, 3775
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A methodology to synthesize easily oxidized materials containing Li ions in an inert atmosphere

Itsuki Konuma, Yosuke Ugata and Naoaki Yabuuchi

Energy Adv., 2024, 3, 962
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Fundamentals, status and challenges of direct recycling technologies for lithium ion batteries

Haocheng Ji, Junxiong Wang, Jun Ma, Hui-Ming Cheng and Guangmin Zhou

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2023, 52, 8194
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High performance of regenerated LiFePO4 from spent cathodes via an in situ coating and heteroatom-doping strategy using amino acids

Junwei Wang, Shuaijing Ji, Qigao Han, Fengqian Wang, Wuxin Sha, Danpeng Cheng, Weixin Zhang, Shun Tang, Yuan-Cheng Cao and Shijie Cheng

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Biomass-based vegetable-/fruit-derived solvents for green recovery of LiFePO4 cathodes from spent lithium-ion batteries: alternatives to ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents and low-melting mixture solvents

Yu Chen, Ziteng Yang, Yanlong Wang, Guojian Zhao, Taoran Wang, Minghui Feng, Mengxi Zhao, Xihou Wang and Dexin Dong

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Purification–lithiation collaborative regeneration of mixed graphite/LiFePO4: building 2D Li+-diffusion channels towards enhanced energy-storage capabilities

Zihao Zeng, Xiangjin Lu, Shuya Lei, Hai Lei, Aigang Zhen, Yuanlong Liu, Xiaobo Ji, Wei Sun, Yue Yang and Peng Ge

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 27712
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A review on the insights into redox-based regeneration strategies for LiFePO4 batteries

Junhui Cai, Yanjuan Li, Shengnv Xu, Yiran Li, ZhanZhan Wang, Jie Liu, Shun Yang and Xiao Yan

Nanoscale, 2025, 17, 12048
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Recycling and direct regeneration of valuable cathode materials from spent Li-ion batteries: a comprehensive review

Yuping Liu, Tao Liu, Jie Zhao, Yaxin Shao, Xu Li, Zhenhu Li, Yulin Zhang, Shuangyi Liu, Zhihua Lin, Frederik Bettels, Chaofeng Zhang, Fei Ding and Lin Zhang

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 8968
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From direct regeneration to upcycling: recycling of spent LiFePO4 cathodes

Mingze Li, Xinyu Dai, Ran Bi, Fangxi Xie and Lei Zhang

J. Mater. Chem. A, 2026, 14, 9772
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Upcycling lithium extraction by-products from spent lithium-ion batteries into high-voltage polyanionic LiMnxFe1−xPO4

Fan Xiao, Lehan Zhu, Zhangjun Wu, Haotian Zhu, Juan Xia, Jiannan Zhu, Zeheng Yang and Weixin Zhang

Green Chem., 2026, 28, 483
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Sustainable regeneration of cathode active materials from spent lithium-ion batteries by repurposing waste coffee powder

Md. Anik Hasan, Rumana Hossain and Veena Sahajwalla

Green Chem., 2025, 27, 1073
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Scalable Top‐Down Approach for Recycling Highly Degraded Spent LiFePO4 via Lattice Fragmentation‐Regeneration

Junwei Wang, Shuaijing Ji, Yuzhen Zhao, Qigao Han, Fengqian Wang, Wuxin Sha, Danpeng Cheng, Weixin Zhang, Shun Tang, Yuan‐Cheng Cao and Shijie Cheng

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Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Regeneration and Recycling: Techniques and Efficiency

Alexandra Kosenko, Antonina Bolotova, Konstantin Pushnitsa, Pavel Novikov and Anatoliy A. Popovich

Batteries, 2025, 11, 136
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Regenerated spent LiFePO4 with tailored residual copper-atoms towards improved energy-storage capacity and reversibility

Zihao Zeng, Hai Lei, Jiexiang Li, Bing Wang, Shuya Lei, Xiaobo Ji, Wei Sun, Yue Yang and Peng Ge

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 499, 155616
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Recovery of LiFePO4 cathodes: Criticalities and prospect towards a long-term eco-friendly solution

B. Visone, O. Senneca, P.P. Prosini and B. Apicella

Journal of Power Sources Advances, 2025, 31, 100168
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Life Cycle of LiFePO4 Batteries: Production, Recycling, and Market Trends

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Efficient direct regeneration of spent LiFePO4 materials via gradient bonding heterostructure construction strategy

Yuyun Li, Yuan Ping, Fanbin Hu, Changjiang Li, Qingfeng Liu, Haigang Dong, Qi Meng and Peng Dong

Energy Storage Materials, 2026, 86, 105032
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Sustainable closed-loop recycling of spent LiFePO4 cathode materials: technological advances, environmental-economic assessment, and future perspectives

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A review on direct regeneration of spent lithium iron phosphate: From waste to wealth

Tianyu Zhao, Yeonuk Choi, Chengqian Wu, Zhifei Zhang, Chenyang Wang, Dongfu Liu, Wenhua Xu, Haigang Huang, Xiangyang Huo, Weiduo Zhao, Zhongwei Zhao and Weilun Li

Science of The Total Environment, 2024, 957, 177748
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Moderate carbon removal and in-situ lithium embedding for directly repairing lithium iron phosphate material towards high reversibility and rate performance

Shuya Lei, Qi Li, Lantian Zhang, Liangbing Wang and Yue Yang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 511, 161928
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Direct and Low‐Temperature Regeneration of Degraded LiFePO₄ Cathodes at Ambient Conditions Using Green and Sustainable Deep Eutectic Solvent

Yixin Lin, Tiansheng Wang, Chaochao Gao, Xiaoxuan Zhang, Wen Yu, Mi Wang, Chao Yang and Jiaheng Zhang

Advanced Science, 2025, 12
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Regeneration strategy inducing (010) facet exposure for enhanced Li+ transport in spent LiFePO4

Yangyang Li, Shurong Xu, Shoujing Mao, Wenxin Liu, Quan Yuan, Ying Wu, Xin Guo, Yihong Tong, Zhongkai Li, Danya Li and Jun Liu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 536, 175838
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Recycling of spent LiFePO4 extraction slag: Current status and future prospects

Yufa Feng, Huijie Wang, Wei Yang, Huiqin Hu, Hengyu Zhu, Wei Ren, Guang Yang, Lei Zhou, Liming Yang, Honggen Peng and Xubiao Luo

Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2026, 114, 721
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Diversified battery recycling: Advances in recovery techniques and value-added functional applications

Hao Luo, Dan Su, Shuzhe Yang, Yukun Li, Zhengxiang Shan, Mengting Zheng, Min Hong, Tiefeng Liu and Mi Lu

Nano Energy, 2025, 139, 110973
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Integrated recovery and microplastic adsorption of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries: Ascorbic acid stripping-persulfate activation synergistic strategy

Yang Yang, Zhaodi Lan, Yang Dai, Xing Yang, Yu Fang, Mo Liu and Zhen Yao

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 541, 177693
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Optimisation of LiFe1−xMnxPO4 cathode material via a defect engineering strategy controlled by lattice mismatch

Wenjing Chen, Rong Li, Fangxiang Song, Xiaozhi Chen and Qianlin Chen

Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2026, 117, 446
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Recent Progress in Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)-Based Studies of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Sungmin Lee and Joon Ha Chang

Ceramist, 2026, 29, 45
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Toward Sustainable Lithium Iron Phosphate in Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Regeneration Strategies and Their Challenges

Jin Yan, Ji Qian, Yu Li, Li Li, Feng Wu and Renjie Chen

Adv Funct Materials, 2024, 34
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Selective Interfacial Repair Enables Low‐Energy Regeneration of Spent LiFePO4 to High‐Performance Cathode

Yajing Yu, Shuaiqi Gong, Xuhe Chen, Yingfei Xiong, Xu Wang, Yulin Min, Hexing Li and Penghui Shi

Adv Funct Materials, 2026
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Funktionale Beschichtung von Batteriepulvern

Mandy Höhn, Jean Philippe Beaupain, Eleonore Siebecke, Mario Krug and Sören Höhn

Vak Forsch Prax, 2024, 36, 23
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Large‐Scale and Homogenized Strategies of Spent LiFePO4 Recycling: Reconstruction of Targeted Lattice

Zihao Zeng, Panpan Xu, Jiexiang Li, Chenxing Yi, Wenqing Zhao, Wei Sun, Xiaobo Ji, Yue Yang and Peng Ge

Adv Funct Materials, 2024, 34
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Direct regeneration of spent LiFePO4 cathode using a reduction agent of natural amino acid

Siman Yang, Zongnan Li, Yao Huang, Mingwei Hu, Ting Yang, Qiaohua Wei, Longyuan Guo and Mingdeng Wei

Journal of Energy Storage, 2026, 153, 120841
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Upcycling FePO4 residues from spent lithium-ion batteries toward high-rate LiFePO4 cathode by constructing hierarchical conductive frameworks

Da Guo, Chunxian Xing, Long Chen, Zhuoli Yang, Jiawei Huang, Guangren Wang, Tao Liu, Mengdan Jiang, Peng Wang and Linfeng Fei

Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2025, 110, 571
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Recycling and reuse of lithium iron phosphate battery multi-component and sustainability assessment: A review

Fu-ping Wang, Meng-Yu Zhai, Bin Li, Jiang-Hao Ding, Xiao-Fei Yin and Yu-Feng Wu

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Direct regeneration of spent LiFePO4 through cascade reaction of binary molten salt

Yongyou Su, Jinyi Yang, Yi Fan, Le Tian, Yun Luo, Qi Meng, Yingjie Zhang and Peng Dong

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026, 531, 173539
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In-depth approach and establishment from a structural perspective of LiFePO4 cathodes for lithium-ion batteries by a two-step sintering

Youbean Lee and Kwangjin Park

Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 624, 235524
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Functional nanocellulose hydrogel with amino acid integration for enhanced Li/Fe separation in LiFePO4 batteries

Hanmeng Yuan, Zhimin Zhao, Chenguang Wang, Hongshuai Gao and Yi Nie

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 298, 140018
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Controllable phase-reconstruction strategy for LiFePO4 homogeneous regeneration: Reaction mechanism, characterization and prospect

Zihao Zeng, Yi Chen, Chao Zhu, Hai Lei, Wei Sun, Yue Yang and Peng Ge

Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2026, 112, 553
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A critical review on the direct regeneration technologies of cathode materials from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries

Yuan‐Yuan Li, Li‐Jun Deng, Yi‐Jun Cao, Jian‐Yong He and Guo‐Sheng Li

Rare Metals, 2025, 44, 8237
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Regeneration Strategies of Spent LiFePO4 Batteries: Dual Routes of Decomposition and Repair Dominated by Degradation Mechanism, and Prospects

Xiao Li, Zihao Wang, Jingyu Li, Hengyu Zhou, Fei Wang, Hanbin Wang, Jun Zhang, Chuanyu Bie and Houzhao Wan

Adv Funct Materials, 2026, 36
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Novel Upcycling of Mixed Spent Cathodes Toward High Energy Density LiMnxFe1−XPO4 Cathode Material

Yanrun Mei, Ran Chen, Zhe Shao, Wenjie Qin, Luyao Xu, Longmin Liu, Jingjing Zhou, Jingping Hu, Huijie Hou, Lixia Yuan and Jiakuan Yang

Adv Funct Materials, 2025, 35
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Hydrometallurgical recycling technologies for spent LiFePO4 batteries: Recent advances and challenges

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Direct Upcycling of Leached FePO4 from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries toward Gradient‐Doped LiMnxFe1−xPO4 Cathode Material

Jian Zhou, Chunxian Xing, Jiawei Huang, Yucheng Zhang, Guowei Li, Long Chen, Shuqiang Tao, Zhuoli Yang, Guangren Wang and Linfeng Fei

Advanced Energy Materials, 2024, 14
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Defect-engineered gradient reconstruction for the upcycling of spent LiFePO4 to generate high-value LiFe1−Mn PO4/C cathodes

Shuaijing Ji, Yanqiong Tan, Junwei Wang, Fengqian Wang, Danpeng Cheng, Zhenxing Wang, Zhongwen Ouyang, Shun Tang and Yuancheng Cao

Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2026, 112, 306
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Facile and efficient regeneration of LiFePO4 battery cathode using a multifunctional lithium source

Xiaoru Liang, Qingyuan Luo, Zhan Lin and Chao Chen

Applied Physics Letters, 2025, 127
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Defect-Accelerated Direct Regeneration of Spent LiFePO4 via a Mechanochemical Route with Short-Term Annealing

Huanming Zhang, Yitian Jiang, Xiao Zhou, Kuo Wang, Jiangning Liu, Yan Liu, Yuanzhen Chen, Liting Liu and Qiang Tan

ACS Nano, 2026, 20, 14088
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Recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate battery cathode materials: A review

Guodong Wen, Shuai Yuan, Zaizheng Dong, Haoyuan Ding and Peng Gao

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 474, 143625
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Dynamic Li+ Capture through Ligand‐Chain Interaction for the Regeneration of Depleted LiFePO4 Cathode

Xin‐Xin Zhao, Xiao‐Tong Wang, Jin‐Zhi Guo, Zhen‐Yi Gu, Jun‐Ming Cao, Jia‐Lin Yang, Feng‐Qi Lu, Jing‐Ping Zhang and Xing‐Long Wu

Advanced Materials, 2024, 36
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Advances and perspectives towards spent LiFePO4 battery recycling

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Sustainable and efficient strategies for recovering spent LiFePO4-based lithium-ion batteries

Aolei Gao, Henghui Zhu, Xinran Wang, Xin Feng, Ran Zhao, Ruiqi Guo, Feng Wu, Ying Bai and Chuan Wu

Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation, 2026, 5, 100370
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A Facile and Effective Method to Strip and Recycle Spent LiFePO4 Cathode Materials

Zixia Mou, Yucai Zhang, Yanjun Cai, Xiang Yao, Hualing Tian, Qingrong Kong and Zhi Su

ChemistrySelect, 2023, 8
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Mechanism and process study of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries by medium-temperature oxidation roasting strategy

Guodong Wen, Shuai Yuan, Zaizheng Dong, Peng Gao, Haoyuan Ding, Shunlin Lei and Quankun Liu

Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 356, 129987
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