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Stimuli-responsive conductive hydrogels: design, properties, and applications

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Conductive hydrogel-based flexible strain sensors with superior chemical stability and stretchability for mechanical sensing in corrosive solvents

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All polymeric conductive strain sensors with excellent skin adhesion, recovery, and long-term stability prepared from an anion–zwitterion based hydrogel

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A fast self-healing multifunctional polyvinyl alcohol nano-organic composite hydrogel as a building block for highly sensitive strain/pressure sensors

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Ethanol stimuli-responsive toughening PNIPAM/PVA self-healing hydrogel thermal actuator

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Hydrogels with electrically conductive nanomaterials for biomedical applications

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Advances in conducting nanocomposite hydrogels for wearable biomonitoring

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Looking beyond biology: glycosaminoglycans as attractive platforms for energy devices and flexible electronics

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Nanocomposite hydrogels for strain sensing based on optical and electrical signals: a review

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Fully-physically crosslinked silk fibroin/poly(hydroxyethyl acrylamide) hydrogel with high transparency and adhesive properties for wireless sensing and low-temperature strain sensing

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Highly stretchable, self-adhesive, biocompatible, conductive hydrogels as fully polymeric strain sensors

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Self-powered wearable sensing devices based on a flexible ammonium-ion battery with fatigue resistance and frost resistance based on a strong and tough hydrogel

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Recent advances in various stimuli-responsive hydrogels: from synthetic designs to emerging healthcare applications

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Stretchable conductive hydrogels integrated with microelectronic devices for strain sensing

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PVA-based composite hydrogels for biomedical applications

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Mussel-inspired hydrogels as tough, self-adhesive and conductive bioelectronics: a review

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Functional silk fibroin hydrogels: preparation, properties and applications

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Smart near infrared-responsive nanocomposite hydrogels for therapeutics and diagnostics

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Hydrogels with ultra-highly additive adjustable toughness under quasi-isochoric conditions

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Stimuli-responsive functional materials for soft robotics

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A dual stimuli-responsive smart soft carrier using multi-material 4D printing

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Conductive polymer based hydrogels and their application in wearable sensors: a review

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A high-pressure resistant ternary network hydrogel based flexible strain sensor with a uniaxially oriented porous structure toward gait detection

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Nanocomposite hydrogel-based strain and pressure sensors: a review

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Multi-stimulus responsive polyoxometalate–viologen hybrid ionic liquids for rewritable inkless printing and environmental monitoring

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Hydrogel-based drug delivery systems for enhanced tumor therapy

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Biobased hydrogel reinforced with wastepaper-derived modified cellulose nanofiber as an efficient dye remover from wastewater

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Functional Hydrogel Strain Sensors for Smart Electronic Devices: Strategies and Recent Progress

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Multi-stimuli responsive and reversible soft actuator engineered by layered fibrous matrix and hydrogel micropatterns

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Biomedical applications of supramolecular hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties

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Multi-responsive graphene quantum dots hybrid self-healing structural color hydrogel for information encoding and encryption

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Preparation and Properties of Polyacrylamide/Sodium Alginate Hydrogel and the Effect of Fe Adsorption on Its Mechanical Performance

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Ionic conductive and stretchable interpenetrating hydrogels prepared with homogenously synthesized acrylamide-modified agar and polyacrylamide for strain sensing

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Highly stretchable and self-healing cellulose nanofiber-mediated conductive hydrogel towards strain sensing application

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3-D Printable Flexible Hydrogel-Based Sensors With Gradient Porous Structure

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Carbon Nanomaterials in Temperature-Responsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels for Controlled Release and Friction Reduction

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Smart hydrogels for sensing and biosensing – Preparation, smart behaviours, and emerging applications – A comprehensive review

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Sugarcane liquid-generated silver nanoparticles connected ionic polymer nanocomposite for enhanced electrical and wearable sensing signals

Varij Panwar, Gopinathan Anoop, Mamta Sharma, Shiv Shankar Gaur and Sukho Park

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Highly Stretchable, Self-Adhesive, Antidrying Ionic Conductive Organohydrogels for Strain Sensors

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Molecules, 2023, 28, 2817
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Thermoresponsive, magnetic, adhesive and conductive nanocomposite hydrogels for wireless and non-contact flexible sensors

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Hydrogels for Translucent Wearable Electronics: Innovations in Materials, Integration, and Applications

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Fundamentals of Hydrogel‐Based Valves and Chemofluidic Transistors for Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Technology: A Tutorial Review

Anthony Beck, Franziska Obst, Denise Gruner, Andreas Voigt, Philipp Jan Mehner, Stefan Gruenzner, René Koerbitz, Mohammed Hadi Shahadha, Alexander Kutscher, Georgi Paschew, Uwe Marschner and Andreas Richter

Adv Materials Technologies, 2023, 8
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Mussel-Inspired Injectable Adhesive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

Wenguang Dou, Xiaojun Zeng, Shuzhuang Zhu, Ye Zhu, Hongliang Liu and Sidi Li

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A multifunctional hydrogel fabricated via ultra-fast polymerization by graphene oxide-adsorbed liquid metal nanodroplets

Yaotian Su, Jiawei Zhao, Wenwei Zhan, Haocheng Yuan, Lingyun Wu, Gang Sui and Hongtao Zhang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 435, 135018
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Strong, tough, anti-freezing, non-drying and sensitive ionic sensor based on fully physical cross-linked double network hydrogel

Jia Yang, Qiong Kang, Bin Zhang, Xiaohan Fang, Shuzheng Liu, Gang Qin and Qiang Chen

Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2021, 130, 112452
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Nanocomposite hydrogel films and coatings – Features and applications

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Applied Materials Today, 2020, 20, 100776
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Biotissue‐Inspired Anisotropic Carbon Fiber Composite Hydrogels for Logic Gates, Integrated Soft Actuators, and Sensors with Ultra‐High Sensitivity

Shengnan Li, Hailong Yang, Nannan Zhu, Guoqi Chen, YueYue Miao, Jingxia Zheng, Yang Cong, Yousi Chen, Junpeng Gao, Xigao Jian and Jun Fu

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Enhancement of the Sensing Performance of Devices based on Multistimuli-Responsive Hybrid Materials

Taher Abu Ali, Marlene Anzengruber, Katrin Unger, Barbara Stadlober and Anna Maria Coclite

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2024, 16, 61408
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Enhanced Diabetic Rat Wound Healing by Platelet-Rich Plasma Adhesion Zwitterionic Hydrogel

Nan-Chieh Huang, Nien-Chi Huang, Lan-Ya Kang, Pai-Shan Hsieh, Lien-Guo Dai, Niann-Tzyy Dai and Chun-Jen Huang

Ann Plast Surg, 2024, 92, S2
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Guar gum/gellan gum interpenetrating-network self-healing hydrogels for human motion detection

Di Cao, Yukai Lv, Qian Zhou, Yulong Chen and Xin Qian

European Polymer Journal, 2021, 151, 110371
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Dual‐Stimuli Cooperative Responsive Hydrogel Microactuators Via Two‐Photon Lithography

Jian‐Yu Wang, Feng Jin, Xian‐Zi Dong, Jie Liu, Ming‐Xia Zhou, Teng Li and Mei‐Ling Zheng

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Emerging Combination of Hydrogel and Electrochemical Biosensors

Lingting Huang, Yuyang Zhou, Xiaoming Hu and Zhen Yang

Small, 2025, 21
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Osteichthyes skin-inspired tough and sticky composite hydrogels for dynamic adhesive dressings

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Touch-Responsive Hydrogel for Biomimetic Flytrap-Like Soft Actuator

Junjie Wei, Rui Li, Long Li, Wenqin Wang and Tao Chen

Nano-Micro Lett., 2022, 14
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A Universal Coating Strategy for Controllable Functionalized Polymer Surfaces

Shihua Mao, Dong Zhang, Yanxian Zhang, Jintao Yang and Jie Zheng

Adv Funct Materials, 2020, 30
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Dual‐Responsive Material Based on Catechol‐Modified Self‐Immolative Poly(Disulfide) Backbones

Asger Holm Agergaard, Andreas Sommerfeldt, Steen Uttrup Pedersen, Henrik Birkedal and Kim Daasbjerg

Angewandte Chemie, 2021, 133, 21713
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Smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels: State-of-the-art platforms for bone tissue engineering

Hussein M. El-Husseiny, Eman A. Mady, Walaa A. El-Dakroury, Moataz B. Zewail, Mina Noshy, Amr M. Abdelfatah and Ahmed S. Doghish

Applied Materials Today, 2022, 29, 101560
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Recent Progress in Natural Biopolymers Conductive Hydrogels for Flexible Wearable Sensors and Energy Devices: Materials, Structures, and Performance

Chen Cui, Qingjin Fu, Lei Meng, Sanwei Hao, Rengang Dai and Jun Yang

ACS Appl. Bio Mater., 2021, 4, 85
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A review on the features, performance and potential applications of hydrogel-based wearable strain/pressure sensors

Pooria Rahmani and Akbar Shojaei

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Stimuli-responsive colorimetric sensor based on bifunctional pyrophosphate-triggered controlled release and enhancing activity of CoOOH nanozyme

Yanyun Zou, Jinyang Chen, Qingli Chai, Ting Zhu, Shasha Zeng and Yucheng Liu

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2022, 369, 132215
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Tuning conductivity and roughness of diselenide polymer dot-coated surface for ROS-mediated selective real-time wireless detection of cancer cells

Seul Gi Kim, Benny Ryplida, Nguyen Ngan Giang, Gibaek Lee, Kang Dae Lee and Sung Young Park

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 426, 130880
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Tough, adhesive, self-healing, fully physical crosslinked κ-CG-K+/pHEAA double-network ionic conductive hydrogels for wearable sensors

Jianxiong Xu, Ziyu Guo, Yin Chen, Yuecong Luo, Shaowen Xie, Yutong Zhang, Haihu Tan, Lijian Xu and Jie Zheng

Polymer, 2021, 236, 124321
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Conductive cold-resistant and elastic hydrogel: A potential bionic skin for human-machine interaction control over artificial limbs

Yan Miao, Mengda Xu, Jiahui Yu and Lidong Zhang

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Skin-like hydrogel devices for wearable sensing, soft robotics and beyond

Binbin Ying and Xinyu Liu

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A chitosan-based conductive double network hydrogel doped by tannic acid-reduced graphene oxide with excellent stretchability and high sensitivity for wearable strain sensors

Yaoting Song, Lu Xing, Xinquan Zou, Chenyan Zhang, Zhonghuang Huang, Wenxiu Liu and Jikui Wang

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 258, 128861
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Visible light induced synthesis of high toughness, self-healing ionic hydrogel and its application in strain sensing

Manxi Sun, Jianhui Qiu, Shuping Jin, Wendi Liu and Eiichi Sakai

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Research advancement of DNA-based intelligent hydrogels: Manufacture, characteristics, application of disease diagnosis and treatment

Zhe-Han Yang, Jie Yin, Lei Xin, Yuanfang Li, Yijie Huang, Ruo Yuan and Ying Zhuo

Chinese Chemical Letters, 2024, 35, 109558
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Multimodal stimuli-responsive behaviors of photochromic spiropyran-bearing telechelic poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)

C.H. Shin, K.-I. Hong, J.H. Lee and W.-D. Jang

Materials Today Chemistry, 2022, 24, 100884
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Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Biomedical Application of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels

Ruixi Ye, Siyu Liu, Wenkai Zhu, Yurong Li, Long Huang, Guozheng Zhang and Yeshun Zhang

Polymers, 2023, 15, 2482
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Design strategies and applications of wearable piezoresistive strain sensors with dimensionality-based conductive network structures

Rao Fu, Xin Zhao, Xiaoyuan Zhang and Zhiqiang Su

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Multifunctional conductive hydrogel-based flexible wearable sensors

Lirong Wang, Tailin Xu and Xueji Zhang

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Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based eutectogels for underwater sensing

Xiaojing Zhang, Sen Liu, Xiaobo Wang, Jiwei Peng, Wentong Yang, Yongpeng Ma and Kaiqi Fan

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2024, 654, 1348
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Stimulus-responsive polysaccharide-based hydrogels: From design to biomedical applications

Yao Li, Xiaokang Ding, Hao Hu and Fu-Jian Xu

Precision Medicine and Engineering, 2024, 1, 100001
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Freezing-tolerant and robust gelatin-based supramolecular conductive hydrogels with double-network structure for wearable sensors

Jia Yang, Xiangbin Sun, Qiong Kang, Lin Zhu, Gang Qin and Qiang Chen

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Stimuli-Responsive Toughening of Hydrogels

Xinxing Lin, Xiaolin Wang, Liangpeng Zeng, Zi Liang Wu, Hui Guo and Dominique Hourdet

Chem. Mater., 2021, 33, 7633
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4D Printing of Physical Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for Localized Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering

Alireza Sadraei and Seyed Morteza Naghib

Polymer Reviews, 2025, 65, 104
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Polyionic liquids supramolecular hydrogel with anti-swelling properties for underwater sensing

Li Chen, Xu Fei, Yonghui Zhou, Jing Tian, Longquan Xu and Yao Li

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2022, 628, 287
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Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for the Construction of Smart Windows, Sensors, and Actuators

Keunhyuk Ryu, Gang Li, Keyi Zhang, Jianguo Guan, Yi Long and ZhiLi Dong

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Hydrogel-Based Sensor Networks: Compositions, Properties, and Applications—A Review

Xiaohang Sun, Sachin Agate, Khandoker Samaher Salem, Lucian Lucia and Lokendra Pal

ACS Appl. Bio Mater., 2021, 4, 140
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Hybrid Piezoresistive 2D MoS2/PEGDA/PANI Covalent Hydrogels for the Sensing of Low‐to‐Medium Pressure

Sara Domenici, Sara Micheli, Matteo Crisci, Marcus Rohnke, Hannes Hergert, Marco Allione, Mengjiao Wang, Bernd Smarlsy, Peter J. Klar, Francesco Lamberti, Elisa Cimetta, Luca Ceseracciu and Teresa Gatti

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Gel-based strain/pressure sensors for underwater sensing: Sensing mechanisms, design strategies and applications

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Self-healing, pH-sensitive and shape memory hydrogels based on acylhydrazone and hydrogen bonds

Liyuan Qiao, Chengde Liu, Cheng Liu, Lishuai Zong, Hongjian Gu, Chenghao Wang and Xigao Jian

European Polymer Journal, 2022, 162, 110838
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Development of Conductive Hydrogels for Fabricating Flexible Strain Sensors

Gang Li, Chenglong Li, Guodong Li, Dehai Yu, Zhaoping Song, Huili Wang, Xiaona Liu, Hong Liu and Wenxia Liu

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Progress in hydrogels for sensing applications: a review

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Microstructuring of Thermoresponsive Biofunctional Hydrogels by Multiphoton Photocrosslinking

Yevhenii M. Morozov, Fiona Wiesner (née Diehl), Jonas J. Grün, Matthias Pertiller, Stefan Fossati, Katharina Schmidt, Nestor Gisbert Quilis, Claudia Gusenbauer, Barbara Zbiral, Jose Luis Toca‐Herrera, Sven Klees, Clinton Richard Victor Thiagarajan, Ulrich Jonas and Jakub Dostalek

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Multi-Sacrificial Bonds Enhanced Double Network Hydrogel with High Toughness, Resilience, Damping, and Notch-Insensitivity

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Expanding the Biocatalytic Scope of Enzyme-Loaded Polymeric Hydrogels

Zhongbiao Tan, Muhammad Bilal, Ali Raza, Jiandong Cui, Syed Salman Ashraf and Hafiz M. N. Iqbal

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Stimuli-responsive hydrogels: smart state of-the-art platforms for cardiac tissue engineering

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Plant‐based Biomass/Polyvinyl Alcohol Gels for Flexible Sensors

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Chemistry An Asian Journal, 2023, 18
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Humidity Adaptive Antifreeze Hydrogel Sensor for Intelligent Control and Human‐Computer Interaction

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Intelligent Cellulose-Based Sorbent for Light-Driven Solid-Phase Extraction of Amphetamine

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