A review on MXene-based microwave absorption composites: engineering, component optimization and structure regulation

Abstract

The current electromagnetic environment exhibits a growing demand for efficient microwave-absorbing (MA) materials, posing a challenge in developing multifunctional and efficient wave-absorbing materials, which has become a prominent research focus. MXene nanomaterials stand out among 2D nanomaterials and have attracted extensive research attention due to their distinctive layered structure, large specific surface area, abundant surface defects, and excellent chemical and physical properties. Nevertheless, the poor impedance matching of MXene materials poses challenges in meeting the fundamental requirements for efficient MA materials. To enhance the MA efficacy and application potential of MXene, this paper reviews optimization strategies for MXene MA composites in both material preparation and structural design. Regarding material preparation, the antioxidant strategy emphasizes the oxidation stability of MXenes, elucidates the advancements in oxidation research, proposes potential measures to mitigate the spontaneous oxidation of MXenes, and explores optimization techniques for the monolayer/multilayer MXene process. In terms of 3D structure, MXene serves as a backbone and an additive to fabricate diverse geometrical frameworks, including core–shell, porous, layered, and foamy nano-flower structures, aiming to optimize electromagnetic performance. Furthermore, this paper presents the prospects for developing MXene-based MA materials.