Electrolyte design for inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interfaces to enable low-temperature Li metal batteries

Abstract

Ether-based electrolyte promotes robust LiF/LiN_xO_y-rich solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs) with favorable interfacial conduction and accommodation, thus decreasing operation temperatures of Li metal batteries to −40 °C. At −30 °C, the Li‖Ni_0.85Co_0.05Al_0.1O₂ battery achieves >80% retention (130 mA h g⁻¹) of its room-temperature capacity, and presents stable cycling over 100 cycles.