In situ generation of nitrile oxides from copper carbene and tert-butyl nitrite: synthesis of fully substituted isoxazoles

Abstract

Herein, we present a novel [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of β-keto esters with nitrile oxides, which were generated in situ from copper carbene and tert-butyl nitrite. This three-component reaction provides new methodology for the direct synthesis of fully substituted isoxazole derivatives, featuring mild reaction conditions, readily accessible starting materials and simple operation. The experimental studies and DFT calculations suggest that the reaction starts with the generation of the key intermediate nitrile oxides, followed by a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of β-keto esters to give the final isoxazole products.