Biochar-supported photocatalysts for microplastics removal: mechanisms, material design, and pathways towards real-world applications

Ahmad K. Badawi, Raouf Hassan and Bushra Ismail

RSC Adv., 2026, 16, 17039
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Magnetically recyclable nanophotocatalysts in photocatalysis-involving processes for organic pollutant removal from wastewater: current status and perspectives

Zexiao Zheng, Juhua He, Zuyao Zhang, Ashutosh Kumar, Musharib Khan, Cheuk Wai Lung and Irene M. C. Lo

Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2024, 11, 1784
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Synergistic effect of adsorption-photocatalytic reduction of Cr(vi) in wastewater with biochar/TiO2 composite under simulated sunlight illumination

Yadong Du, Xiangju Ye, Zhenzhen Hui, Die Jiao, Yue Xie, Shifu Chen and Jun Ding

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2024, 26, 15891
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Key role of hydrochar in heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole using Ag3PO4-based photocatalysts

Li Zhou, Min Cai, Xu Zhang, Naxin Cui, Guifa Chen and Guo-yan Zou

RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 35636
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One-step synthesis of N-doped metal/biochar composite using NH3-ambiance pyrolysis for efficient degradation and mineralization of Methylene Blue

Md Manik Mian, Guijian Liu, Balal Yousaf, Biao Fu, Rafay Ahmed, Qumber Abbas, Mehr Ahmed Mujtaba Munir and Liu Ruijia

Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 78, 29
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Porous biochar supported PET plastic waste MOF heterostructure as a novel, efficient and recyclable catalyst for acetaminophen degradation

Sivakumar Vigneshwaran, Do-Gun Kim and Seok-Oh Ko

Biochar, 2024, 6
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Application of biochar in advanced oxidation processes: supportive, adsorptive, and catalytic role

Faheem, Jiangkun Du, Sang Hoon Kim, Muhammad Azher Hassan, Sana Irshad and Jianguo Bao

Environ Sci Pollut Res, 2020, 27, 37286
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Advances in preparation, application in contaminant removal, and environmental risks of biochar-based catalysts: a review

Bowen Yang, Jiawei Dai, Yuan Zhao, Jingwei Wu, Caiya Ji and Yuhu Zhang

Biochar, 2022, 4
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Biochar Waste-Based ZnO Materials as Highly Efficient Photocatalysts for Water Treatment

Nuno P.F. Goncalves, Mirtha A. O. Lourenço, Simone R. Baleuri, Stefano Bianco, Pravin Jagdale and Paola Calza

SSRN Journal, 2021
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One step calcination of bamboo powder enhances the adsorption and photocatalytic performance of red mud

Yaguang Wang, Xiaoming Liu, Zhen Cao, Wei Zhang and Yang Xue

Materials Letters, 2021, 304, 130734
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The Visible-Light-Driven Activity of Biochar-Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts in β-Blockers Removal from Water

Agata Kowalczyk, Bożena Zgardzińska, Karol Osipiuk, Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz, Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko, Magdalena Goździuk, Haitao Wang and Bożena Czech

Materials, 2023, 16, 1094
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants Using Advanced Ceramics: Materials, Mechanism, Synthesis, and Applications

Kawaljit Singh Randhawa

J Inorg Organomet Polym, 2024, 34, 3931
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Efficient photodegradation of hexabromocyclododecane leached from polystyrene by biochar and sulfur doped CuO nanocomposite: Optimization factors, kinetics, and photoactivity

Meenu, Manviri Rani and Uma Shanker

Environmental Pollution, 2024, 340, 122818
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CuFe2O4 modified expanded graphite synthesized by urea-assisted hydrothermal method for tetracycline treatment through persulfate activation: Characterization, mechanism and degradation intermediates

Shumeng Liu, Yucheng Liu, Mingyan Chen, Lingli Li, Wenwen Tu and Zhi Huang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 433, 133516
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Activation of peroxymonosulfate by(sunlight)FeCl3-modified biochar for efficient degradation of contaminants of emerging concern: Comparison with H2O2 and effect of microplastics

Mister Adeel, Carla Fernanda Grasel Frois, Ilaria Berruti, Carla Sirtori, Sixto Malato and Luigi Rizzo

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 507, 160782
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Hydrochar coupled with iodide for efficient photodegradation of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid under ultraviolet light

Yuning Hu, Yuhang Zhan, Cuiyun Wei, Fengjie Chen, Jing Cheng, Yunxiang Shen, Zhen Zhou, Ling Wang and Yong Liang

Science of The Total Environment, 2023, 868, 161621
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Preparation of a new green composite based on chitin biochar and ZnFe2O4 for photo-Fenton degradation of Rhodamine B

Nicoly Welter, Jandira Leichtweis, Siara Silvestri, Paloma Isabel Zaragoza Sánchez, Alma Concepción Chávez Mejía and Elvis Carissimi

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 901, 163758
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Green graphene supported Cu2O-Ag2O S-scheme photocatalyst with high disinfection activity for prevention of urinary tract infection in toilets: A metagenomic analysis

Srija Arasavilli, Prakash Ajay Taksal, Bidus Kanti Das, Shamik Chowdhury and Jayanta Bhattacharya

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12, 112703
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Juncus effuses biochar-assisted preparation of oxygen vacancies-rich BiOCl for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and CO2 reduction

Penghui Yang, Xun Su, Shengtian Huang, Junbo Zhong and Minjiao Li

Materials Today Communications, 2024, 41, 110564
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CuS/Nitrogen-biomass derived carbon composites for heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of dyes: C-, N- and S-mediated electron transfer mechanism for redox cycling of Cu(I)/Cu (II) couple

Priyanga Manjuri Bhuyan, Chiranjita Goswami, Deepak Jyoti Deuri, Kula Kamal Senapati and Parikshit Gogoi

J IRAN CHEM SOC, 2025, 22, 699
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Customized High-Value Agricultural Residue Conversion: Applications in Wastewater Treatment

Xuefei Tan, Huiwen Wang, Xiaoyan Guo and Shih-Hsin Ho

Catalysts, 2023, 13, 1247
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Magnetically recyclable PbMoO4/BC/Fe3O4 composite for tetracycline removal: fabrication, performance, and mechanism

Hongzhi Yang, Tianpei He, Yaohui Wu, Jinhua Luo, Aihua Zhang, Xiaoyong Chen, Yelin Zeng, Yonghong Wang, Yunlin Zhao and Guangjun Wang

J Mater Sci, 2022, 57, 21853
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Biochar based nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of emerging organic pollutants from water and wastewater

Md. Ahmaruzzaman

Materials Research Bulletin, 2021, 140, 111262
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A review on the various beds used for immobilization of nanoparticles: Overcoming the barrier to nanoparticle applications in water and wastewater treatment

Pourya Alipour Atmianlu, Reza Badpa, Vahid Aghabalaei and Majid Baghdadi

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021, 9, 106514
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Sustainable Valorization of Banana Peel Waste into a Biochar-Integrated BiOBr/rGO Ternary Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Decomposition of Prednisolone

Mano Ranjan Barik, Ankita Ram and Sushanta Kumar Badamali

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage., 2026, 3, 115
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Solid-phase fabrication of TiO2/Chitosan-biochar composites with superior UV–vis light driven photocatalytic degradation performance

Xiaoqiang Feng, Xiaofang Li, Bitao Su and Jiantai Ma

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2022, 648, 129114
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Enhanced fluoride removal from drinking water in wide pH range using La/Fe/Al oxides loaded rice straw biochar

Nan Zhou, Xiangxin Guo, Changqing Ye, Ling Yan, Weishi Gu, Xiangrong Wu, Qingwen Zhou, Yuhuan Yang, Xiaoping Wang and Qiwei Cheng

Water Supply, 2022, 22, 779
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UV-light-induced photocatalytic performance of reusable MnFe-LDO–biochar for tetracycline removal in water

Khawla Abdulmutalib Azalok, Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and Mustafa Gazi

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2021, 405, 112976
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Biochar application: A sustainable approach to improve soil health

Shubh Pravat Singh Yadav, Sujan Bhandari, Dibya Bhatta, Anju Poudel, Susmita Bhattarai, Puja Yadav, Netra Ghimire, Prava Paudel, Pragya Paudel, Jiban Shrestha and Biplov Oli

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2023, 11, 100498
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Recent progress in emerging materials and hybrid nanocomposites for peroxymonosulfate and peroxydisulfate activation towards solar light-driven photocatalytic degradation of emerging pollutants

Imran Khan, Wenjie Liu, Amir Zada, Fazal Raziq, Sharafat Ali, Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah, Muhammad Ateeq, Muhammad Khan, Dang Alei, Perveen Fazil, Waliullah Khan, Javed Ali Khan, Yixiao Cai, Wenbiao Jin, Sining Yun and Lei Yang

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2024, 499, 215466
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Caragana biochar-confined zero-valent Iron microreactor: Synergistic Iron-carbon catalysis for enhanced pollutant degradation

Yuehui Tai, Feifan Qie, Wenli Wang, Zhaoxiao Hao, Hang Lu, Jingjing Cui, Fang Guo and Wenbo Wang

Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2025, 79, 109006
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Progress and development of biochar as a catalyst for hydrogen production

Rahul Mishra, Chi-Min Shu, Hwai Chyuan Ong, Anjani R.K. Gollakota and Sunil Kumar

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 477, 143853
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A critical review of hydrochar based photocatalysts by hydrothermal carbonization: synthesis, mechanisms, and applications

Zeliang Chen, Yanchuan Guo, Lei Luo, Zhengang Liu, Wei Miao and Yu Xia

Biochar, 2024, 6
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Mechanism insight into the Fe3O4/biochar/BiOBr S–scheme heterostructure with improved photocatalytic degradation performance for pharmaceutical wastewater

Zihao Niu, Chao Chen, Zihan Yin, Xiaofei Zhang, Jing Sun and Huanxian Shi

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2026, 728, 138518
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Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Banana Peels Biochar for Fenton Degradation of Methylene Blue

Eric Sakué Ngankam, Lemankreo Dai-Yang, Baissassou Debina, Abdellaziz Baçaoui, Abdelrani Yaacoubi and Abdoul Ntieche Rahman

MSA, 2020, 11, 382
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Enhanced photocatalytic activity of CeO2 and magnetic biochar-CeO2 nanocomposite prepared from Murraya koenigii stem for degradation of methyl orange under UV light

Jaya M. Soney and T. Dhannia

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2024, 447, 115259
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Physicochemical and photocatalytic activity of hematite/biochar nanocomposite prepared from Salacca skin waste

Mohamad Fikri Arkaan, Rana Fretyana Ekaputri, Is Fatimah and Azlan Kamari

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2020, 16, 100261
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Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass into sustainable materials for adsorption and photocatalytic applications in water and air remediation

Meriem Mergbi, Melissa Greta Galloni, Dominic Aboagye, Ehiaghe Elimian, Peidong Su, Belhadj M. Ikram, Walid Nabgan, Jorge Bedia, Hedi Ben Amor, Sandra Contreras, Francisco Medina and Ridha Djellabi‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

Environ Sci Pollut Res, 2023, 30, 74544
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Photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals: Insights into biochar modification and degradation mechanism

Baishali Bhattacharjee and Md. Ahmaruzzaman

Next Materials, 2024, 5, 100238
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Polyurethane matrix as an oxide@biochar composite supports employed in heterogeneous photocatalysis

Laryssa Cristine Ribeiro dos Santos, Larissa Bach-Toledo, Glauco Meireles Mascarenhas Morandi Lustosa, Bruna Andressa Bregadiolli, Waldir Antônio Bizzo and Talita Mazon

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 2025, 102, 101559
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Prosopis juliflora Seed Waste as Biochar for the Removal of Blue Methylene: A Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study

Carlos Diaz-Uribe, Luis Walteros, Freider Duran, William Vallejo and Arnold R. Romero Bohórquez

ACS Omega, 2022, 7, 42916
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Biochar-Supported TiO2-Based Nanocomposites for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole in Water—A Review

Subhash Chandra, Pravin Jagdale, Isha Medha, Ashwani Tiwari, Mattia Bartoli, Antonio Nino and Fabrizio Olivito

Toxics, 2021, 9, 313
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Emerging applications of sludge biochar-based catalysts for environmental remediation and energy storage: A review

Md Manik Mian, Nur Alam, Md Sohel Ahommed, Zhibin He and Yonghao Ni

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 360, 132131
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Progress, Barriers, and Prospects for Achieving a “Hydrogen Society” and Opportunities for Biochar Technology

Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana, Siming You, Lin Zhang, Jin Shang, Johannes Lehmann, Xiaonan Wang, Yong-Guan Zhu, Daniel C. W. Tsang, Young-Kwon Park, Deyi Hou and Yong Sik Ok

ACS EST Eng., 2022, 2, 1987
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Biochar-based materials for electroanalytical applications: An overview

Yuhong Zheng, Chaoguang Yu and Li Fu

Green Analytical Chemistry, 2023, 7, 100081
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Synthesis and Application of Innovative and Environmentally Friendly Photocatalysts: A Review

Antonietta Mancuso and Giuseppina Iervolino

Catalysts, 2022, 12, 1074
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Enhanced Fluoride Adsorption on Aluminum-Impregnated Kenaf Biochar: Adsorption Characteristics and Mechanism

Moon-Yeong Choi, Chang-Gu Lee and Seong-Jik Park

Water Air Soil Pollut, 2022, 233
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Adsorption and photodegradation of reactive red 120 with nickel-iron-layered double hydroxide/biochar composites

Yidan Luo, Yonghu Wang, Feng Hua, Mingshan Xue, Xianchuan Xie, Yu Xie, Shuohan Yu, Longshuai Zhang, Zuozhu Yin, Chan Xie and Zhen Hong

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2023, 443, 130300
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Enhanced dye degradation using MIL-53(Fe)-Modified kraft lignin as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst

Nayana Sut, Priyanga Manjuri Bhuyan, Swapnali Hazarika, Brajendra K. Sharma, Jaemin Kim and Parikshit Gogoi

Chemical Physics, 2025, 588, 112492
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Biochar-based materials for sustainable energy applications: A comprehensive review

Sivaraman Chandrasekaran, Sreshtha Jadhav, S. Mari Selvam, Nageshwari Krishnamoorthy and Paramasivan Balasubramanian

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2024, 12, 114553
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Perspectives On Circular Economy and Efficient Resource Utilization of Valorized Value-Added Material for Sustainable Development

Kingsley Igenepo John, Aderemi Timothy Adeleye, Sehrish Munsif, Babatope Oluseun Odusina and Martins O. Omorogie

Circ.Econ.Sust., 2026, 6
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CeO2 quantum dots anchored g-C3N4: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic performance

Youwei Sun, Xingzhou Yuan, Yanjuan Wang, Wanshu Zhang, Yanda Li, Zhuolei Zhang, Ji Su, Jian Zhang and Shaozheng Hu

Applied Surface Science, 2022, 576, 151901
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Synthesis of MCG700B(X) composites and their performance in CO₂ capture and photocatalytic reduction

Ayixia Qiong, Kaiqiang Liu, Honghao Li and Nasiman Tuerxun

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2026, 472, 116774
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Recent advancements on the sustainable biochar based semiconducting materials for photocatalytic applications: A state of the art review

Palagiri Bhavani, Murid Hussain and Young-Kwon Park

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 330, 129899
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Biochars as media for air pollution control systems: Contaminant removal, applications and future research directions

Willis Gwenzi, Nhamo Chaukura, Terrence Wenga and Munyaradzi Mtisi

Science of The Total Environment, 2021, 753, 142249
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2D/2D Biochar/Bi2WO6 Hybrid Nanosheets with Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activities for Organic Pollutants Degradation

Xiaolin Li, Yanan Qu, Junjie Xu, Junhui Liang, Huayu Chen, Da Chen and Liqun Bai

ACS Omega, 2023, 8, 26882
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Softwood biochar-supported Bi2WO6 for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminant mixture in river water: Role of pyrolysis temperature and surface functionality

Julide Kahkeci, Bouthaina Aoudi, Isaac Sánchez-Montes and Mohamed Gamal El-Din

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2026, 703, 139132
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Recent advances in biochar-based catalysts: Properties, applications and mechanisms for pollution remediation

Rong-Zhong Wang, Dan-Lian Huang, Yun-Guo Liu, Chen Zhang, Cui Lai, Xin Wang, Guang-Ming Zeng, Xiao-Min Gong, Abing Duan, Qing Zhang and Piao Xu

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 371, 380
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Nexus of biochar production and processes for mitigating soil-based greenhouse gas emissions: a comprehensive review on long and short-term strategies

Muhammad Saif Ullah, Aitazaz A. Farooque, Travis J. Esau, Qamar U. Zaman, Shakirudeen A. Salaudeen and Mazhar Rafique

Biomass Conv. Bioref., 2025, 15, 9779
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Biochar based photocatalyst for degradation of organic aqueous waste: A review

Shubham Sutar, Sachin Otari and Jyoti Jadhav

Chemosphere, 2022, 287, 132200
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New composite of pecan nutshells biochar-ZnO for sequential removal of acid red 97 by adsorption and photocatalysis

Jandira Leichtweis, Siara Silvestri and Elvis Carissimi

Biomass and Bioenergy, 2020, 140, 105648
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Innovative Solutions for Inland Saline Shrimp Pond Management: Paddy Straw Biochar’s Dual Role in Seepage Reduction and Potassium Amendment

Arun Konduri, Vidya Shree Bharti, Sreedharan Krishnan, Saurav Kumar, Ajit Kumar Verma, Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj, Satya Prakash Shukla, Tao Kara and Nisha Chuphal

Water Conserv Sci Eng, 2026, 11
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Influence of biomass baseline potential on biochar properties and performance for targeted applications

Wisdom A. Munzeiwa, Palema Tsekoa, La Rochell D. Kammies, Kutlwano Chelechele, Abimbola E. Oluwalana-Sanusi and Nhamo Chaukura

Discov Water, 2025, 5
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Engineered biochar derived from food waste digestate for activation of peroxymonosulfate to remove organic pollutants

Simian Huang, Teng Wang, Kai Chen, Meng Mei, Jingxin Liu and Jinping Li

Waste Management, 2020, 107, 211
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Porous biochar supported Ag3PO4 photocatalyst for “two-in-one” synergistic adsorptive-photocatalytic removal of methylene blue under visible light irradiation

Xiaoqian Wei, Fang Yu, Jiawei Ji, Yandi Cai, Weixin Zou, Yulin Zheng, Jinsheng Huang, Yue Zhang, Yicheng Yang, Mu. Naushad, Bin Gao and Lin Dong

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021, 9, 106753
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Metal-Supported Biochar Catalysts for Sustainable Biorefinery, Electrocatalysis, and Energy Storage Applications: A Review

Rubén Ramos, Víctor K. Abdelkader-Fernández, Renata Matos, Andreia F. Peixoto and Diana M. Fernandes

Catalysts, 2022, 12, 207
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Relationship of the physicochemical properties of novel ZnO/biochar composites to their efficiencies in the degradation of sulfamethoxazole and methyl orange

Mayara Gabriela Gonçalves, Paulo Apolinário da Silva Veiga, Mayara Regina Fornari, Patricio Peralta-Zamora, Antonio Salvio Mangrich and Siara Silvestri

Science of The Total Environment, 2020, 748, 141381
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Facile fabrication of Bi2WO6/biochar composites with enhanced charge carrier separation for photodecomposition of dyes

Guangyu Wu, Qi Liu, Jingyi Wang, Yujing Zhang, Chengmin Yu, Huiyang Bian, Mohammad Hegazy, Jiangang Han and Weinan Xing

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2022, 634, 127945
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One-Step Synthesis of Alkali Metal-Hydroxyl Double Modified Graphite Phase Carbon Nitride and Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenolic Compounds

Siyi Wang, Hongru Zhang, Yanjuan Wang, Feng Zhou, Huixia Ma, Jian Zhang and Shaozheng Hu

NANO, 2024, 19
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Influences of silver halides AgX (X = Cl, Br, and I) on magnesium bismuth oxide photocatalyst in methylene blue degradation under visible light irradiation

Yu-Duan Dai, Rong-Jhe Lyu, Tsunghsueh Wu, Chih-Ching Huang and Yang-Wei Lin

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2020, 397, 112585
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Waste-derived biochar for water pollution control and sustainable development

Mingjing He, Zibo Xu, Deyi Hou, Bin Gao, Xinde Cao, Yong Sik Ok, Jörg Rinklebe, Nanthi S. Bolan and Daniel C. W. Tsang

Nat Rev Earth Environ, 2022, 3, 444
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Activation of percarbonate by water treatment sludge–derived biochar for the remediation of PAH-contaminated sediments

Chang-Mao Hung, Chin-Pao Huang, Chiu-Wen Chen, Chung-Hsin Wu, Yi-Li Lin and Cheng-Di Dong

Environmental Pollution, 2020, 265, 114914
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Iron/titanium oxide-biochar (Fe2TiO5/BC): A versatile adsorbent/photocatalyst for aqueous Cr(VI), Pb2+, F- and methylene blue

Amali Herath, Chanaka Navarathna, Shannon Warren, Felio Perez, Charles U. Pittman and Todd E. Mlsna

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2022, 614, 603
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Review on biomass feedstocks, pyrolysis mechanism and physicochemical properties of biochar: State-of-the-art framework to speed up vision of circular bioeconomy

Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake, Surendra Krushna Shinde, Avinash Ashok Kadam, Rijuta Ganesh Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale, Manu Kumar, Ramasubba Reddy Palem, Hind A. AL-Shwaiman, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Asad Syed and Dae-Young Kim

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 297, 126645
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Solar photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using magnetic water hyacinth biochar–supported bismuth oxybromide nanocomposites

Dhiman Kashyap, Upasana Priyadarshini and Remya Neelancherry

Separation and Purification Technology, 2026, 395, 137580
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Facile ball-milling synthesis of CeO2/g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunction for synergistic adsorption and photodegradation of methylene blue: Characteristics, kinetics, models, and mechanisms

Xiaoqian Wei, Xin Wang, Yu Pu, Annai Liu, Chong Chen, Weixin Zou, Yulin Zheng, Jinsheng Huang, Yue Zhang, Yicheng Yang, Mu. Naushad, Bin Gao and Lin Dong

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 420, 127719
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Conversion of solid wastes and natural biomass for deciphering the valorization of biochar in pollution abatement: A review on the thermo-chemical processes

Rishikesh Chormare, Pareshkumar G. Moradeeya, Tarini Prasad Sahoo, Muthulingam Seenuvasan, Gurunathan Baskar, Hitesh T. Saravaia and Madhava Anil Kumar

Chemosphere, 2023, 339, 139760
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Recent Progress in Biochar-Based Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Applications

Jiali Cui, Feng Zhang, Hongyan Li, Jianguo Cui, Yatao Ren and Xiaochen Yu

Applied Sciences, 2020, 10, 1019
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Preparation and characterization of biochar derived from the fruit seed of Cedrela odorata L and evaluation of its adsorption capacity with methylene blue

Afraz Subratti, Juliana Ladeira Vidal, Lorale J. Lalgee, Francesca M. Kerton and Nigel K. Jalsa

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 2021, 21, 100421
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Magnetically-separable photocatalyst of magnetic biochar from snake fruit peel for rhodamine B photooxidation

Is Fatimah, Gani Purwiandono, Imam Sahroni, Adytia Wijayana, Mediana Faraswati, Annisa Dwi Putri, Won-Chun Oh and Ruey-an Doong

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 2022, 17, 100669
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The influence of corncob-based biochar on remediation of arsenic and cadmium in yellow soil and cinnamon soil

Mingke Luo, Hai Lin, Yinhai He and Ye Zhang

Science of The Total Environment, 2020, 717, 137014
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Novel Bi2WO6 loaded N-biochar composites with enhanced photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B and Cr(VI)

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Hybrid biochar-graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) composite photocatalyst: a facile strategy for enhanced degradation of Ciprofloxacin (CIP)

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Superior activity of metal oxide biochar composite in hydrogen evolution under artificial solar irradiation: A promising alternative to conventional metal-based photocatalysts

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Biochar as a UV Stabilizer: Its Impact on the Photostability of Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposites

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Sonochemical degradation of propylparaben in the presence of agro-industrial biochar

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Waste-derived catalytic hydrochars from coffee grounds doped with BiOCl, CeO2, and α-Fe2O3: Structural insights and enhanced photocatalytic performance

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Preparation and Characterization of Phosphoric Acid-Modified Biochar Nanomaterials with Highly Efficient Adsorption and Photodegradation Ability

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Embedding porous biochar with FeVO4 as photoanode for solar-to-hydrogen cell application

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Highly dispersed iron-doped biochar derived from sawdust for Fenton-like degradation of toxic dyes

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Simultaneous synthesis of super-paramagnetic hydrochar in a one-pot using subcritical water medium and evaluation of its photocatalytic activity

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Carbon-based Composites for Environmental Clean-up: Advances in Biochar, g-C3N4, Graphene Oxide and CNTs

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Binding of Benzo[a]pyrene Alters the Bioreactivity of Fine Biochar Particles toward Macrophages Leading to Deregulated Macrophagic Defense and Autophagy

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Biochar Nanoparticles over TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: A Green Co-Catalyst to Boost the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

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Nitrogen-Doped TiO2/Nitrogen-Containing Biochar Composite Catalyst as a Photocatalytic Material for the Decontamination of Aqueous Organic Pollutants

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A green approach to efficient electroanalysis: Fe-modified activated carbon-based electrode from waste wheat biomass for electroanalytical sensing

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Bio/hydrochar Sorbents for Environmental Remediation

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Enhancing the optical and photoelectric efficiency of PEDOT/PSS thin film by incorporating activated biochar for photovoltaic applications

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Dual Z-scheme TiO₂/sugarcane bagasse biochar/MoS₂ heterojunction for enhanced visible-light photocatalysis and energy storage

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Green synthesis of multifunctional Cu/MnO@Biochar 3D structure as a high-performance anode material in Li-ion batteries and oxidative removal of Cango-red dye

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Catalytic applications of biochar from organic waste and woody biomass in pyrolysis product upgrading: A comprehensive review

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Preparation of TiO2-graphitized carbon composite photocatalyst and their degradation properties for tetracycline antibiotics

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A Critical Review of Biochar Production, Characterization, and Applications for Food Dye Removal Via Adsorption and Degradation Methods

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Recent advances of photocatalytic coupling technologies for wastewater treatment

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Solar Light-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic Using Biochar Supported Nano Bismuth Ferrite Composite

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Research progress on biochar-based photocatalytic materials for pollutant treatment: Structural regulation, electronic mechanisms, and engineering challenges

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Combination of ensemble machine learning models in photocatalytic studies using nano TiO2 - Lignin based biochar

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Unveiling the enhanced selectively photocatalytic degradation for polyphenolic component of Chinese pharmaceutic wastewater by Bi2MoO6/pBC/g-C3N4 S-scheme heterojunction: DFT calculations and mechanism insights

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Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Chlorination of Methylene Blue Using a Newly Synthesized TiO2-SiO2 Photocatalyst

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A magnetically separable α-NiMoO4/ZnFe2O4/coffee biochar heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient ketoprofen degradation

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Biochar-based activation of peroxide: multivariate-controlled performance, modulatory surface reactive sites and tunable oxidative species

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Recent Advances in Biochar-based Catalysts: Air Purification and Opportunities for Industrial Upscaling

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Biochar from Spent Malt Rootlets and Its Application to an Energy Conversion and Storage Device

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Physicochemical Properties of Biochar Produced from Goldenrod Plants

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Materials, 2022, 15, 2615
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Photocatalytic reactive oxygen species generation and their mechanisms of action in pollutant removal with biochar supported photocatalysts: A review

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Biochar and activated carbon derivatives of lignocellulosic fibers towards adsorptive removal of pollutants from aqueous systems: Critical study and future insight

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Nickel/Biochar from Palm Leaves Waste as Selective Catalyst for Producing Green Diesel by Hydrodeoxygenation of Vegetable Oil

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Pyrolysis Creates Electron Storage Capacity of Black Carbon (Biochar) from Lignocellulosic Biomass

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Synergy effect between tetracycline and Cr(VI) on combined pollution systems driving biochar-templated Fe3O4@SiO2/TiO2/g-C3N4 composites for enhanced removal of pollutants

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Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by zero‐valent Ag‐modified zinc oxide composite

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Burgeoning prospects of biochar and its composite in persulfate-advanced oxidation process

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Synthesis of g-C3N4 composite co-doped with CeO2 and sugar cane bagasse charcoal for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light

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Visible-LED-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin by magnetic biochar modified flower-like Bi2WO6: The synergistic effects, mechanism insights and degradation pathways

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Enhancing solar-driven photocatalysis: Synergistic integration of biochar, semiconductors, and magnetic materials for degrading organic pollutants

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The state-of-the-art development of biochar based photocatalyst for removal of various organic pollutants in wastewater

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Multivalent iron-based magnetic porous biochar from peach gum polysaccharide as a heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for degradation of dye pollutants

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A Comprehensive Overview on Biochar-Based Materials for Catalytic Applications

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Synergistic degradation of rhodamine B and tetracycline by NiO/Ce-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunction modified with mangosteen shell biochar

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Preparation of Biochar-Based Photocatalytic Materials and Their Applications in Water Treatment: A Review

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Metal oxide/biochar hybrid nanocomposites for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of textile dye effluents: A review

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Potential role of biochar in advanced oxidation processes: A sustainable approach

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One-Step Preparation of Biochar Electrodes and Their Applications in Sediment Microbial Electrochemical Systems

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Solar assisted catalytic pyrolysis of chicken-litter waste with in-situ and ex-situ loading of CaO and char

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Hybrid Biochar/Ceria Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Activity Assessment for the Persulfate-Induced Degradation of Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole

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A Review on Effective Photocatalytic Remediation of Noxious Pollutants Utilizing Biochar Tailored Graphitic Carbon Nitride

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Pollen Carbon-Based Rare-Earth Composite Material for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Ethanol–Water Mixtures

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ACS Omega, 2022, 7, 30495
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The emerging role of biochar in the carbon materials family for hydrogen production

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Rape straw biochar-assisted preparation of flower-like BiOCl with enriched oxygen vacancies for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction and pollutants degradation

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Composites of Lignin-Based Biochar with BiOCl for Photocatalytic Water Treatment: RSM Studies for Process Optimization

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Nanomaterials, 2023, 13, 735
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A critical review on biochar-based catalysts for the abatement of toxic pollutants from water via advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)

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Science of The Total Environment, 2022, 849, 157831
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Multi-Objective Decision-Making Evaluation Method of Environmental Impact Associated with the Life Cycle of Agro-Friendly Biochar Materials

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Integrating adsorption and photocatalysis: A cost effective strategy for textile wastewater treatment using hybrid biochar-TiO2 composite

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Superior photocatalytic performance of ancillary-oxidant-free novel starch supported nano MFe2O4 (M = Zn, Ni, and Fe) ferrites for degradation of organic dye pollutants

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Conversion of biological solid waste to graphene-containing biochar for water remediation: A critical review

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Study on the degradation performance of tetracycline in water by chitin-based biochar-Bi2O3

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Efficient adsorption of anionic dye (congo red) using copper-carbon dots doped magnetic biochar: kinetic, isothermal, and regeneration studies

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Valorization of Residual Brewery Biomass for the Production of Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

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Novel Z-scheme Ag3PO4/Fe3O4-activated biochar photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light catalytic performance toward degradation of bisphenol A

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Magnetic biochar coupled with bismuth tungstate for multiple antibiotic removal from contaminated water: Characteristics, performance, and competitive adsorption synergistic photocatalysis mechanism

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Synergistic effect of biochar along with gypsum and foliar nutrient strategies on the growth, yield, metabolism and gene expression in barley under salinity stress

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Improving photocatalytic activity under visible light over a novel food wastes biochar-based BiOBr nanocomposite

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Photocatalysis aided antibacterial properties of a green graphitic carbon-Cu2O-Ag2O composite: Towards an active non-persistent disinfectant

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Carbon-Induced Crystallization of SiO2 at Low Temperature: N-Doped Carbon-Modified α-Cristobalite as a Photocatalyst for CO2 Conversion

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Application of modified biochar in constructed wetlands for efficient livestock wastewater treatment

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Biochar-TiO2 magnetic nanocomposites for photocatalytic solar-driven removal of antibiotics from aquaculture effluents

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Effects of different feedstocks-based biochar on soil remediation: A review

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Enhanced degradation of Procion Red MX-5B using Fe-doped corn cob ash and Fe-doped g-C 3 N 4

Ceren Orak

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Sewage sludge-derived TiO2/Fe/Fe3C-biochar composite as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of methylene blue

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(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and iron rice straw biochar composites for the sorption of Cr (VI) and Zn (II) using the extract of heavy metals contaminated soil

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Facile and low-cost fabrication of ZnO/biochar nanocomposites from jute fibers for efficient and stable photodegradation of methylene blue dye

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A comprehensive review of food waste: composition, current management, thermal treatment, valorization into bioproducts and sustainable development goals linkages

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Catalytic propensity of biochar decorated with core-shell nZVI@Fe3O4: A sustainable photo-Fenton catalysis of methylene blue dye and reduction of 4-nitrophenol

Arshid Bashir, Altaf Hussain Pandith, Aaliya Qureashi, Lateef Ahmad Malik, Murtaza Gani and Jaime Moreno Perez

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2022, 10, 107401
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Valorization of dragon fruit peel for green synthesis of TiO2/Biochar nanocomposite as a photocatalyst for paracetamol degradation

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Research on the Preparation of Biochar from Waste and Its Application in Environmental Remediation

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Water, 2023, 15, 3387
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Influence of Bacterial Strains and Cell Numbers on the Reduction of Fe(III)-Citrate and Ferrihydrite with and without an Electron Shuttle

Chao Peng, Tingyang Shi, Jun Zhang, Yundang Wu, Shiwen Hu, Tongxu Liu, Lu Lu and Andreas Kappler

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LED light-induced photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole utilizing Bi2O3-POMES derived biochar composite

Mohammad Nirwanshah Nasaruddin, Noor Haida Mohd Kaus, Nuraina Maisarah Saperina, Suresh Sagadevan and Muhammadin Hamid

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2026, 186, 116240
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Heterogeneous catalytic activation of persulfate for the removal of rhodamine B and diclofenac pollutants from water using iron-impregnated biochar derived from the waste of black seed pomace

Fryad S. Mustafa and Kosar Hikmat Hama Aziz

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Advanced cement-based photocatalytic materials: Strategies for agglomeration control, aging resistance and process optimisation

Kailun Chen, Jason Scott, Fulin Qu, Wenkui Dong, Daniel C.W. Tsang and Wengui Li

Journal of Building Engineering, 2025, 112, 113816
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Biochar-supported photocatalysts: Performance optimization and applications in emerging contaminant removal from wastewater

Julide Kahkeci and Mohamed Gamal El-Din

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 476, 146530
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Effect of pyrolysis on basic functional groups of hydrochars

Nepu Saha and M. Toufiq Reza

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The effect of biochar, hydrochar particles and dissolved organic matter on the photodegradation of metribuzin herbicide in aquatic media

Kosmas Serelis, Nikolaos Mantzos, Dimitra Meintani and Ioannis Konstantinou

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021, 9, 105027
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The potential of biochar-photocatalytic nanocomposites for removal of organic micropollutants from wastewater

Jemal Fito, Kebede K. Kefeni and Thabo T.I. Nkambule

Science of The Total Environment, 2022, 829, 154648
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Photocatalytic degradation of anthracene by biochar-based graphitic carbon nitride

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IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2021, 1195, 012053
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The challenges of micropollutants and their environmental detection through biochar-based nanostructured electrochemical sensors: a review

A. D. Ambaye, J. Fito, E. Nxumalo and T. T. I. Nkambule

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Visible-NIR responsive Ag2O couple with MIL-53(Fe) on CS as S-scheme photocatalyst for efficient simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and norfloxacin

Xiaofeng Shen, Zhuofan Yu, Ye Yang, Qian Feng, Shuyun Yang, Shuang Liu, Shengdao Shan and Qingquan Xue

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 498, 155201
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A comprehensive review of the “black gold catalysts” in wastewater treatment: Properties, applications and bibliometric analysis

Cheng Huang and Yunbo Zhai

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Biochar-Reinforced Metal Oxide Photocatalysts for the Removal of Dyes and Pharmaceutical Pollutants: A Review

Suresh Kumar Dash, Monalisha Kanar, Rasmirekha Pattanaik, Rishabh Kamal, Debapriya Pradhan and Jyotirmayee Dehury

Industrial Biotechnology, 2026
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Wastewater containing emerging contaminants treated by residues from the brewing industry based on biochar as a new CuFe2O4 / biochar photocatalyst

Jandira Leichtweis, Siara Silvestri, Nicoly Welter, Yasmin Vieira, Paloma I. Zaragoza-Sánchez, Alma C. Chávez-Mejía and Elvis Carissimi

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2021, 150, 497
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A novel TiO2-x/TiN@ACB composite for synchronous photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction and water photothermal evaporation under visible/infrared light illumination

Hossam Zakaria, Yi Li, Mohamed M. Fathy, Xinyi Zhou, Xinyan Xiong, Ye Wang, Shengxiang Rong and Chi Zhang

Chemosphere, 2023, 311, 137137
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Photocatalytic performance of pyrochar and hydrochar in heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutants degradation: Activity comparison and mechanism insight

Kemin Qi, Zirun Wang, Xiaoyun Xie and Zhaowei Wang

Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 467, 143424
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Biomass carbon-based composites for adsorption/photocatalysis degradation of VOCs: A comprehensive review

Yuan Zhong, YaMei Wang, YuFei Ji, Xiaotao Zhang and Ximing Wang

Colloid and Interface Science Communications, 2023, 57, 100749
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Evidencing the synergistic effects of carbonization temperature, surface composition and structural properties on the catalytic activity of biochar/bimetallic composite

Hermine Bayoka, Youssef Snoussi, Arvind K. Bhakta, Mohamed El Garah, Ahmed M. Khalil, Mohamed Jouini, Souad Ammar and Mohamed M. Chehimi

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2023, 173, 106069
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In-situ construction of β-CD polymer/TiO2 with enhanced charge separation for boosting photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

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Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2024, 169, 113122
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Nickel-Modified Biocarbons from Mixed Wood Sawdust: Multitechnique Study of Structure and Photocatalytic Activity

Barbara Wawrzaszek, Barbara Charmas and Katarzyna Jedynak

Materials, 2026, 19, 977
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The Production of Biochar and Its Impact on the Removal of Various Emerging Pollutants from Wastewater: A Review

Zafran Ullah, Collin G. Joseph, Zhen-Yu Tian, Muhammad Yasin, Muhammad Naeem Khan, Sajid Ali, Aqsa Khan, Jonathan Suazo-Hernández, Patricia Poblete-Grant and Muhammad Ikram Nabeel

Toxics, 2025, 13, 1079
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Nanohybrid catalysts with porous structures for environmental remediation through photocatalytic degradation of emerging pollutants

Reyna Berenice González-González, Roberto Parra-Saldívar, Walaa F. Alsanie and Hafiz M.N. Iqbal

Environmental Research, 2022, 214, 113955
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Ferrites as solar photocatalytic materials and their activities in solar energy conversion and environmental protection: A review

Mohammed Ismael

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2021, 219, 110786
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Preparation of TiO2 supported on MDF biochar for simultaneous removal of methylene blue by adsorption and photocatalysis

Siara Silvestri, Nádia Stefanello, Aline Alexia Sulkovski and Edson Luiz Foletto

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech, 2020, 95, 2723
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The potential of biochar-based catalysts in advanced treatment technologies for efficacious removal of persistent organic pollutants from wastewater: A review

Azhan Ahmad, Monali Priyadarshini, Shraddha Yadav, Makarand M. Ghangrekar and Rao Y. Surampalli

Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2022, 187, 470
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