Issue 8, 2020

Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices: ten years of development

Abstract

The last decade saw the development of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). While sharing the characteristics of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) that use colourimetric detection, ePADs show enhanced limits of detection and selectivity, avoid the bias of human eye observation without any considerable increase in the device cost, and maintain the capacity for miniaturisation and in-field application. Over this period, different ingenious approaches were used to fabricate ePADs for many analytical problems such as in clinical and forensic applications. Hence, we review the fabrication procedures of these ePADs, from the initial report to the steps used to pattern the physical/chemical boundaries (non-conductive patterns) and conductive tracks (electrodes) on a paper substrate. Selected literature is discussed according to the fabrication procedures, electrochemical detection techniques, and applications. We also discuss other interesting approaches using conductive tracks on PADs for non-electrochemical transduction, i.e., as an electrical tool to assist in sample preparation or preconcentration steps, as well as some applications in the energy-related field. At the end, an overview and trends in the fabrication, application, and commercialisation status of ePADs are provided.

Graphical abstract: Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices: ten years of development

Article information

Article type
Critical Review
Submitted
30 ኦክቶ 2019
Accepted
15 ጃንዩ 2020
First published
15 ጃንዩ 2020

Anal. Methods, 2020,12, 1030-1054

Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices: ten years of development

V. N. Ataide, L. F. Mendes, L. I. L. M. Gama, W. R. de Araujo and T. R. L. C. Paixão, Anal. Methods, 2020, 12, 1030 DOI: 10.1039/C9AY02350J

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements